Difference between revisions of "Intellectual disability"
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| − | == Definitions and Scope == | + | ==Definitions and Scope== |
| − | === Target Population: People with intellectual disabilities === | + | ===Target Population: People with intellectual disabilities=== |
Intellectual disability is a developmental disorder where the individual faces more difficulty than others in grasping concepts and solving problems. The international definition for intellectual disability has three criteria: | Intellectual disability is a developmental disorder where the individual faces more difficulty than others in grasping concepts and solving problems. The international definition for intellectual disability has three criteria: | ||
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*Limitations in intelligence and living skills are evident in the developmental period (i.e. before the person is aged 18 years)[https://www.imh.com.sg/clinical/page.aspx?id=255 IMH, 2012] | *Limitations in intelligence and living skills are evident in the developmental period (i.e. before the person is aged 18 years)[https://www.imh.com.sg/clinical/page.aspx?id=255 IMH, 2012] | ||
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==Desired impact for target group== | ==Desired impact for target group== | ||
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*For people with intellectual disabilities to be adequately educated and prepared, so that they can be socially and economically included in Singaporean society, to be seen as part of our social landscape | *For people with intellectual disabilities to be adequately educated and prepared, so that they can be socially and economically included in Singaporean society, to be seen as part of our social landscape | ||
*Face no discrimination socially and in the workplace | *Face no discrimination socially and in the workplace | ||
| − | == Needs of People with Intellectual Disabilities == | + | ==Needs of People with Intellectual Disabilities== |
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===Employment=== | ===Employment=== | ||
| − | ==== Need for Retirement Adequacy | + | ====Need for Retirement Adequacy==== |
| + | |||
| + | There are general measures put in place for aging populations for retirement especially in Singapore, however, persons with intellectual disabilities who fall under this category are given little to no attention to better transition into retirement in terms of measures to support them financially and socially even when they are not active contributing members to the economy. | ||
| − | + | One reason is that persons with intellectual disabilities prematurely age relative to the rest of the population (around 45 years of age) which puts them under the radar for the usual age of retirement for the average Singapore. As they grow older, this makes it more difficult for them to perform tasks and continue earning a livelihood for themselves. There is little to no alternatives for this group of people in holding jobs which leads to greater negative consequences for them when this source of livelihood is gone. | |
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| + | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7998761/ | ||
[Also indicate the size of this specific need & projected demand were data is available] | [Also indicate the size of this specific need & projected demand were data is available] | ||
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'''Existing Resources''' | '''Existing Resources''' | ||
| − | + | Workfare Income Supplement Scheme (WIS), which is a government programme, provides cash and CPF payouts to supplement wages and retirement savings of persons with intellectual disabilities. The amount given is dependent on the salary of the employee, and all persons with disabilities qualify for WIS. As the person grows older, the amount given increases up to $4,000 in 2020. | |
| + | |||
| + | https://cityofgood.sg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/NVPC-PWD-Issue-Deck.pdf | ||
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| + | https://www.dpa.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Employment-merged.compressed.pdf | ||
| + | |||
| + | http://www.workfare.sg/ | ||
'''Gaps and Their Causes''' | '''Gaps and Their Causes''' | ||
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---- | ---- | ||
| − | ==== Need for for employment opportunities | + | ====Need for for employment opportunities==== |
'''Existing Resources''' | '''Existing Resources''' | ||
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---- | ---- | ||
| − | ==== Need for adequate job reskilling opportunities in volatile job markets | + | ====Need for adequate job reskilling opportunities in volatile job markets==== |
'''Existing Resources''' | '''Existing Resources''' | ||
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| − | ==== Need for [ insert description ] | + | ====Need for [ insert description ]==== |
'''Existing Resources''' | '''Existing Resources''' | ||
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===Social Engagements=== | ===Social Engagements=== | ||
| − | ==== Need for People with Intellectual Disabilities to be socially engaged | + | ====Need for People with Intellectual Disabilities to be socially engaged==== |
[Needs should not be identified in term of its specific solutions—eg youths need mentoring, seniors need hospice care, people with disabilities need day care (these are specific solutions we can be in the next column)—Instead, they should be defined in more ‘perennial terms’ because the solutions can change but the needs remain; I don’t need a CD player, or even an mp3 player, I need ‘portable music’ and currently the best solution seems to be Spotify] | [Needs should not be identified in term of its specific solutions—eg youths need mentoring, seniors need hospice care, people with disabilities need day care (these are specific solutions we can be in the next column)—Instead, they should be defined in more ‘perennial terms’ because the solutions can change but the needs remain; I don’t need a CD player, or even an mp3 player, I need ‘portable music’ and currently the best solution seems to be Spotify] | ||
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| − | ==== Need for [ insert description ] | + | ====Need for [ insert description ]==== |
'''Existing Resources''' | '''Existing Resources''' | ||
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Rainbow Centre | Rainbow Centre | ||
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Latest revision as of 09:28, 1 November 2022
Contents
Definitions and Scope
Target Population: People with intellectual disabilities
Intellectual disability is a developmental disorder where the individual faces more difficulty than others in grasping concepts and solving problems. The international definition for intellectual disability has three criteria:
- Significant limitations in intelligence (classified as an IQ level of 70 or below)
- Significant limitations in the skills needed to live and work in the community, including difficulties with communication, self-care, social skills, safety, and self-direction.
- Limitations in intelligence and living skills are evident in the developmental period (i.e. before the person is aged 18 years)IMH, 2012
Other? Client Segments
Intellectual Disability and Mental Health
Where there is a co-existence of mental illness and intellectual disability, accurate diagnosis and treatment are particularly challenging because of the individual's impaired cognitive abilities and attention, functional deficits, communication difficulties, and other co-morbid developmental disabilities, such as autism.IMH, 2012
For people with intellectual disability, mental disorders can seriously affect their daily functioning, disrupt family relations, and prevent access to community resources for care, training and habilitation. The mental disorder often manifests as behavioural difficulties or changes, which require a proper assessment from an inter-disciplinary team of mental health professionals, so that appropriate treatment can be given. Treatment includes the judicious use of medicines, behavioural therapy and occupational therapy. The treatment plans usually look into addressing sensory issues, improving communication skills, advising on environmental manipulation, changing maladaptive behaviour and optimising functional capabilities. IMH, 2012
Multiple Disabilities
refer to assets below
Size of the Target Population
https://www.msf.gov.sg/media-room/Pages/Number-and-profile-of-persons-with-disabilities.aspx
Desired impact for target group
- For people with intellectual disabilities to be adequately educated and prepared, so that they can be socially and economically included in Singaporean society, to be seen as part of our social landscape
- Face no discrimination socially and in the workplace
Needs of People with Intellectual Disabilities
Employment
Need for Retirement Adequacy
There are general measures put in place for aging populations for retirement especially in Singapore, however, persons with intellectual disabilities who fall under this category are given little to no attention to better transition into retirement in terms of measures to support them financially and socially even when they are not active contributing members to the economy.
One reason is that persons with intellectual disabilities prematurely age relative to the rest of the population (around 45 years of age) which puts them under the radar for the usual age of retirement for the average Singapore. As they grow older, this makes it more difficult for them to perform tasks and continue earning a livelihood for themselves. There is little to no alternatives for this group of people in holding jobs which leads to greater negative consequences for them when this source of livelihood is gone.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7998761/
[Also indicate the size of this specific need & projected demand were data is available]
Existing Resources
Workfare Income Supplement Scheme (WIS), which is a government programme, provides cash and CPF payouts to supplement wages and retirement savings of persons with intellectual disabilities. The amount given is dependent on the salary of the employee, and all persons with disabilities qualify for WIS. As the person grows older, the amount given increases up to $4,000 in 2020.
https://cityofgood.sg/wp-content/uploads/2020/10/NVPC-PWD-Issue-Deck.pdf
https://www.dpa.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/Employment-merged.compressed.pdf
Gaps and Their Causes
[Some gaps could be due to 1) capacity of solution to meet size & projected demand, 2) quality of solution (effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability, scalability etc.), 3) accessibility (geographical, cost to client)]
Possible Solutions
[Based on the specific gaps and reasons for those gaps, what might be solutions that can help? Insert existing but untapped resources, or new ideas that have not been considered yet]
Need for for employment opportunities
Existing Resources
Gaps and Their Causes
Possible Solutions
Need for adequate job reskilling opportunities in volatile job markets
Existing Resources
Gaps and Their Causes
Possible Solutions
Need for [ insert description ]
Existing Resources
Gaps and Their Causes
Possible Solutions
Social Engagements
Need for People with Intellectual Disabilities to be socially engaged
[Needs should not be identified in term of its specific solutions—eg youths need mentoring, seniors need hospice care, people with disabilities need day care (these are specific solutions we can be in the next column)—Instead, they should be defined in more ‘perennial terms’ because the solutions can change but the needs remain; I don’t need a CD player, or even an mp3 player, I need ‘portable music’ and currently the best solution seems to be Spotify]
[Also indicate the size of this specific need & projected demand were data is available]
Existing Resources
[e.g. existing services or programmes both private or public; relevant policies and legislation]
Gaps and Their Causes
[Some gaps could be due to 1) capacity of solution to meet size & projected demand, 2) quality of solution (effectiveness, efficiency, sustainability, scalability etc.), 3) accessibility (geographical, cost to client)]
Possible Solutions
[Based on the specific gaps and reasons for those gaps, what might be solutions that can help? Insert existing but untapped resources, or new ideas that have not been considered yet]
Need for [ insert description ]
Existing Resources
Gaps and Their Causes
Possible Solutions
Resource Directory
Special Education Schools
Special Education(SPED) Schools
Mild Intellectual Disabilities
1. Metta Welfare Services
Metta School
2. Presbyterian Community Services
Grace Orchard School
3. APSN http://www.apsn.org.sg
Chaoyang School
Delta Senior School
Katong School
Tanglin School
Moderate Intellectual Disabilities
1. Movement for the Intellectually Disabled of Singapore http://www.minds.org.sg
Fernvale Gardens School
Lee Kong Chian Gardens School
Towner Gardens School
Woodlands Gardens School
Multiple Disabilities
Category of its own?
AWWA School
Rainbow Centre
Homes
1. Bishan Home for the Intellectually Disabled
2. Adult Disability Home
Ready in 2018. Residential home in Sengkang for people with intellectual disabilities that aims to ease the worries of their ageing parents. The Straits Times, 2015
General Services
1. YMCA Singapore
2. Special Olympics Singapore
http://www.specialolympics.org.sg/about-us
3. Christian Outreach for the Handicap