Disability/Employment/Theory of Change

Click on each outcome in the Theory of Change to explore services, gaps and ideas.

To change anything in this page, feel free to contribute directly or to propose revisions and amendments in the Discussion page.

Theory of Change

Short-Term Outcomes (skills, knowledge, attitudes)		Mid-Term Outcomes (behaviours)		Long-Term Outcomes (impact)		Social Impact
PWDs and employers are aware of fair employment practices	→	PWDs can seek recourse against employment discrimination	→	PWDs are protected against unfair work practices	→	Disabled people can secure, retain and progress in their careers
Employers understand PWD capabilities	→	Employers are willing to hire PWDs	→	PWDs are best positioned to secure open/sheltered employment	→
Employers know how to accommodate PWDs' needs	→
Employers find it financially feasible to hire PWDs	→
PWDs fully understand their suitability for job options/career paths (strengths/preferences, managed expectations)	→
PWDs know about available job opportunities	→
PWDs acquire work skills (vocational, technical, soft, employability)	→	PWDs can apply work skills in actual settings	→

PWDs can apply work skills in actual settings → PWDs are best positioned to secure open/sheltered employment

• Government is looking to set up employment centres in residential neighbourhoods to train and offer jobs to PWDs - consider using HDB void decks or unwanted public buildings as training venues

Programmes	Gaps	Ideas
School-to-Work Transition Programme (S2W) Begins in the year of graduation and lasts for up to a year after Students with the potential to work identified by SG Enable and schools and matched to job training  24 in 30 students who joined S2W found a job, with 20 remaining employed for at least 6 months		EM3 has taken note of this: To scale up S2W programme so that more SPED school students can participate
ABLE Return to Work Programme Provides physical rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, social support, training, return-to-work coordination and employment support
ARC Employability & Employment Centre (E2C) Programme Autism-specific pre-assessment, assessment, employability training, job placement and job support
SPD Employment Support Programme (ESP) Vocational training and employment planning for persons with permanent disabilities 16 years and above
Hospital-to-Work Programme Provides persons with acquired disabilities with support and opportunities to overcome the challenges in gaining sustainable employment.
SPD Transition To Employment Programme (TTE) Aims to reintegrate people with acquired physical disabilities aged 18-60 back into the workforce	Job coaches face difficulties in providing psychosocial support for those with acquired disabilities. Some PWDs have difficulty accepting their disabilities and the job coaches are not trained to provide psychosocial support to address these issues.
Sheltered Workshops Offer employment and/or vocational training to adults with disabilities who do not possess the competencies or skills for open employment. Currently 8 sheltered workshops run by APSN, Bizlink, CPAS, MINDS, SPD and Thye Hua Kwan at various centres

PWDs are best positioned to secure open/sheltered employment → Disabled people can secure, retain and progress in their careers

• Job placement and job support services can be linkedin to mainstream job agencies to access larger network of potential employers?
• Use a tiered quota system for hiring?

Programmes	Gaps	Ideas
School-to-Work Transition Programme (S2W) Begins in the year of graduation and lasts for up to a year after Students with the potential to work identified by SG Enable and schools and matched to job training  24 in 30 students who joined S2W found a job, with 20 remaining employed for at least 6 months		EM3 has taken note of this: To scale up S2W programme so that more SPED school students can participate
ABLE Return to Work Programme Provides physical rehabilitation, vocational rehabilitation, social support, training, return-to-work coordination and employment support
ARC Employability & Employment Centre (E2C) Programme Autism-specific pre-assessment, assessment, employability training, job placement and job support
SPD Employment Support Programme (ESP) Vocational training and employment planning for persons with permanent disabilities 16 years and above
Public Service Career Placement (PSCP) Programme Provides job matching services for persons with autism spectrum disorder, intellectual disability, physical impairment, hearing impairment and visual impairment who are interested to pursue a career in the public service sector. After placement, job support services will be provided.
SPD Transition To Employment Programme (TTE) Aims to reintegrate people with acquired physical disabilities aged 18-60 back into the workforce	Job coaches face difficulties in providing psychosocial support for those with acquired disabilities. Some PWDs have difficulty accepting their disabilities and the job coaches are not trained to provide psychosocial support to address these issues.
Sheltered Workshops Offer employment and/or vocational training to adults with disabilities who do not possess the competencies or skills for open employment. Currently 8 sheltered workshops run by APSN, Bizlink, CPAS, MINDS, SPD and Thye Hua Kwan at various centres