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| − | == Purpose ==
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| − | | |
| − | === Vision ===
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| − | | |
| − | A strong, self-mobilised and collaborative disability community that appreciates the needs of the disability sector and takes collective action to improve the lives of people with disabilities.
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| − | | |
| − | ===Mission===
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| − | A coherent network of disability organisations, VWOs and other relevant community assets that truly and authentically represent the interests of the disability community. This network will also democratise knowledge production (as knowledge is power, it puts power back in the hands of those close to the ground) and strengthen civil society (by allowing collective action without the need to rely on government resources).
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| − | | |
| − | === Objectives ===
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| − | * Collectively mapping out the needs and gaps of the disability sector
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| − | * Providing inputs to the government on existing or emerging issues
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| − | * Peer exchange, learning and collaboration among members
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| − | ===Products of the Network and Its Uses===
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| − | # '''Knowledge Work''': Take stock of information and updating the knowledge base through '''Wiki Pages'''
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| − | #* Collective understanding of the sector is more comprehensive and robust than individual vantage points by themselves
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| − | #* Information on needs, community resources and gaps allows strategic planning for members' own organisations, in response to and coordination with other organisations | |
| − | #* Members will get user ids that allow them to directly edit the wiki pages if they want to. This allows the wiki pages to be constantly updated with new information members think will be pertinent to share with one another.
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| − | # '''Policy Advocacy'''
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| − | #* Deliberate on issues & write '''Policy Briefs''' representing the views of members
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| − | #* Members will get reports of the issue to be discussed before every Roundtable to establish an overview of basic information. This will allow the facts to be quickly established and corrected before moving on to the deliberation of key issues.
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| − | #* Instead of Enabling Masterplan led by MSF that consults the sector every 5 years, this can culminate in an '''Annual Needs & Gaps Report''' based on research and deliberation with other members that can be surfaced to relevant stakeholders. Such analyses is more likely to be taken seriously by government if they represent the collective wisdom of disability organisations and groups, and especially if they arrive at consensus on certain positions
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| − | # '''Collaboration Among Members'''
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| − | #* Members have access to one another's contact information, possibly start a '''LISTSERV''' or other modes of communication among members
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| − | #* Members can share resources and collaborate on projects without the need to rely on a central authority (e.g. joint research projects, collective fund-raising, sharing venues or pooling manpower etc)
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| − | | |
| − | ===How Will the Network be Run===
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| − | # Members will submit agenda items, and Facilitators will help structure each meeting based on the agenda. Core Members, Associate Members and Individual Contributors can submit agenda items.
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| − | # Issues selected for discussion at main Roundtables should be relevant for the majority of members (e.g. broad themes like Employment or Education). These will be spread out over 4 main Roundtables (one per quarter).
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| − | # Members with an interest in niche issues (e.g Deaf culture, Disability Arts etc) can host subsidiary meetings pulling together those with common interests. Their findings and proposals will then be shared with the main network.
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| − | # There will be a Planning Meeting after each Roundtable to discuss the content and structure of subsequent Roundtables. Only Core Members will attend these meetings unless exceptions help the planning process.
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| − | | |
| − | === General Guiding Principles ===
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| − | * '''Play-testable; not need to get it all right in the beginning''': These principles and rules should be work in progress and seen as such. There is no need to be overly concerned with getting them right if they will continuously be reworked and refined. More important to focus on the work itself, and getting to a set of principles that allow the work and objectives to be done. We expect these principles and rules to be more functional after a year of experimentation.
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| − | | |
| − | * '''All-can-contribute''': it doesn’t matter who you are, as long as you are interested and have something to contribute, we aspire to find a place and role for you to play that you feel comfortable with
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| − | | |
| − | * '''Collaboration across community assets''': empowering individuals and organisations to mobilise others operating in their sector, overcoming artificial boundaries (VWO, NGO, social enterprise, self-help groups, cooperatives, faith-based organisations etc) and competition as the only viable operating principle.
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| − | | |
| − | * '''Persuasion instead of politics''': No need for politics or power plays if there is no need to have one view and everyone move towards it; we can capture the diversity of views
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| − | | |
| − | == Membership ==
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| − | | |
| − | === Membership Criteria and Rules ===
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| − | | |
| − | ====Roles====
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| − | | |
| − | =====Facilitator: [High commitment]=====
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| − | | |
| − | 1) Visit NGOs or other organisations part of a particular sector to get them on board;
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| − | | |
| − | 2) Custodian and curators of knowledge base, translates knowledge of member organisations onto the wiki page;
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| − | | |
| − | 3) Convene meetings with members to talk though the knowledge base;
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| − | | |
| − | 4) Liaison with backbone teams that are part of the collaborative to secure support for your social cause (eg meeting rooms, funds for wikithons, communications campaign etc).
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| − | | |
| − | Facilitators are 'custodians and curators' of a knowledge base, always on the look-out for ways to expand knowledge into areas that will help practice or policy
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| − | | |
| − | =====Members: [Medium commitment]=====
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| − | | |
| − | Organisation or group that plays a role or has core interest in the disability sector (VWO, NGO, Social Enterprise, Support group etc). Members will share information, show up for meetings, provide inputs and deliberate on issues.
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| − | | |
| − | Members are at the core of the Network, and the Network exists to serve them.
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| − | | |
| − | =====Associates & Contributors: [Low commitment]=====
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| − | | |
| − | Associates: Programmes or departments of government agencies can be an associate member (e.g. MSF Disability Division, SGE, NVPC Disability CoLabs).
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| − | | |
| − | Contributors: Interested individuals who are able to provide useful inputs to the knowledge base (Researchers, students, caregivers or clients etc.).
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| − | | |
| − | These are partners and friends.
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| − | | |
| − | ===List of Members ===
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Co-Facilitators ====
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| − | | |
| − | Institute of Policy Studies - Justin Lee (email: justin.lee@nus.edu.sg)
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| − | | |
| − | Disabled People’s Association - Marissa Lee Medjeral-Mills
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| − | | |
| − | We welcome other disability organisations or groups who would like to co-facilitate the Network
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| − | | |
| − | =====Facilitators of Niche Networks=====
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| − | | |
| − | Hearing Impairment: ExtraOrdinary Horizons - Lily Goh
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| − | | |
| − | Arts & Disability: Very Special Arts - Maureen Goh
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| − | | |
| − | [Add link to facilitators' contact information (only accessible to members)]
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Members ====
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| − | | |
| − | [TBC - Link to member's contact info]
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Associates and Contributors ====
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| − | * Victor Zhuang - PhD Candidate at Department of Disability and Human Development, University of Illinois at Chicago
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| − | * Roshini Prakash - NVPC's Disability Colabs
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| − | | |
| − | == Network Agenda for 2018 ==
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| − | | |
| − | Main meetings should be based on broad themes of general relevance to most of our members. For example: Early intervention, education, employment, caregiving, community inclusion etc. Specific or niche issues can also be studied by sub-groups of the network and brought to the Network for incorporation to the annual Disability Needs & Gaps Report.
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| − | | |
| − | <div style="width:100cm">__TOC__</div>
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| − | | |
| − | {{#widget:Google Calendar
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| − | |id=ofph48c2rtsf49b6ohg0j19u6c@group.calendar.google.com
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| − | |view=AGENDA
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| − | |color=2952A3
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| − | |title=Disability Community Network Events & Key Deadlines
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| − | |border=true
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| − | }} | |
| − | | |
| − | === Roundtable 1: Employment ===
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| − | <br />
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| − | Date - '''11 May 2018'''
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| − | | |
| − | Time - '''1.30 pm - 5.45 pm'''
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| − | | |
| − | Venue - '''Seminar Room 2-2, Level 2, Manasseh Meyer Building, Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, National University of Singapore (Bukit Timah Campus)'''
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| − | | |
| − | IPS Newsletter Article [https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/enews_employment-for-persons-with-disabilities_140618.pdf here].
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| − | | |
| − | [[File:DCN_I.JPG|646x646px|Dr Justin Lee, Research Fellow at IPS and co-facilitator of the event (centre), demonstrating the SocialCollab Wiki platform
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| − | ]]
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| − | <br />
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| − | '''Dr Justin Lee, Research Fellow at IPS and co-facilitator of the event (centre), demonstrating the SocialCollab Wiki platform.'''
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| − | <br />
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Agenda ====
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| − | * Update on Network Objectives & Membership
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| − | * (See substantive agenda items tabled below)
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| − | <br />
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| − | Materials & Presentations :
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| − | | |
| − | https://drive.google.com/open?id=1MV43hH4ThwykSJWMe69drhl78xNhS79l
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| − | <br />
| |
| − | {| class="wikitable"
| |
| − | !No.
| |
| − | !Agenda Item
| |
| − | !Presenter
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| − | |-
| |
| − | |<div align="center">1</div>
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| − | |Facilitated Dialogue to Consolidate a Collective Understanding of the Employment Landscape
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| − | |IPS
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| − | |-
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| − | |<div align="center">2</div>
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| − | |Special Needs Individuals and Employment Issues
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| − | |Hope for the Journey
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| − | |-
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| − | |<div align="center">3</div>
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| − | |Exploring Characteristics of Successful Open employment from the Perspectives of Person, Caregiver and Employer
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| − | |MINDS
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| − | |-
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| − | |<div align="center">4</div>
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| − | |APSN Delta Senior School's new Employment Training Model
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| − | |APSN Centre for Adults
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| − | |-
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| − | |<div align="center">5</div>
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| − | |Assistive Technology (AT) at Work: How Job Accommodations including AT can Enable Persons with Disabilities to be Productive at the Workplace
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| − | |SPD
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| − | |-
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| − | |<div align="center">6</div>
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| − | |Studying the Feasibility of an Employment Quota for Persons with Disabilities
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| − | * See research study [http://dsq-sds.org/article/view/6099/4819 Beyond the Business Case: Different Models of Including People with Disabilities at Work])
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| − | |IPS
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| − | |-
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| − | |<div align="center">7</div>
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| − | |The IPS-DPA Study on Discrimination in the Workplace
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| − | |DPA
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| − | |}
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| − | <br />
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Follow-up Actions ====
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| − | | |
| − | 1- ['''done'''] Update Employment Needs & Gaps Report - Visit organisations for 1-on-1 feedback
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| − | | |
| − | 2- ['''done'''] Convene working group to study feasibility of employment quota system for PWDs
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| − | | |
| − | 3-
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| − | | |
| − | 4-
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| − | | |
| − | 5-
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ----
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| − | | |
| − | === [https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/ips/events/details/disability-community-network-roundtable-ii-education Roundtable 2: Education]===
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| − | <br />
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| − | Date - '''21 August 2018 (Tuesday)'''
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| − | | |
| − | Time - '''1.45pm - 5.30pm (Registration begins at 1.30pm)'''
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| − | | |
| − | Venue - '''Swensen's Room (Blk E Level 2 Room 2), APSN Delta Senior School, 3 Choa Chu Kang Grove, Singapore 688237'''
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| − | <br />
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| − | <br />[[File:DCN_II.jpeg|650x650px|Andrew from IPS presenting the Needs & Gaps Report on Education]]
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| − | | |
| − | '''IPS Research Assistant Andrew Lim sharing the Needs & Gaps Report on Education'''
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| − | | |
| − | IPS Newsletter Article [https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/enews_disability-community-network-ii-education_at_al.pdf?sfvrsn=6a806c0a_0 here].
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| − | | |
| − | <br />Brief Synopsis
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| − | {| class="wikitable"
| |
| − | |<div align="center">1</div>
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| − | |The event started at 1.45pm. IPS Research Fellow Justin Lee and Marissa Medjeral-Mills, Executive Director of DPA updated on follow-ups to the first roundtable of the Disability Community Network, which discussed issues pertaining to employment:
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| − | * A group to study the feasibility of an employment hiring quota for persons with disabilities in Singapore was formed
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| − | * IPS has started putting together two Needs and Gaps Reports on Employment and Education—with more to come on other issues such as Caregiving.
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| − | * DPA has soft-launched their study (with IPS) on discrimination faced by people with disabilities in the workplace.
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| − | * DPA has updated their ‘Achieving Inclusion in Education’ document to incorporate changes to the Compuslory Education Act, which takes effect in practice next year.
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| − | More details about the first roundtable can be found [https://lkyspp.nus.edu.sg/docs/default-source/ips/enews_employment-for-persons-with-disabilities_140618.pdf here].
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| − | |-
| |
| − | |<div align="center">2</div>
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| − | |Mr Andrew Lim, Research Assistant at IPS discussed a [[Disability#Early Intervention|Needs and Gaps Report on Education]] compiled from various literature reviews (e.g., NVPC’s Report on Issues faced by Persons with Disabilities in Singapore, Lien’s Inclusive Attitudes Survey, newspaper articles etc.). We discussed gaps in six tentative areas of needs: early intervention, preschool options, trained educators, access to an adequate education, accommodations, and preparedness for work and life.
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| − | |-
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| − | |<div align="center">3</div>
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| − | |Ms Nix Sang, Research Associate at SMU presented a project she's working on to develop guidelines, resources and professional programmes for disability services in IHLs in Singapore. Often lacking guidance, frameworks and guiding principles, Nix and her team conducted interviews with practitioners and overseas experts to talk about challenges, successes and wishes for disability services in IHLs. The substantive findings and report will be published in early-2019.
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| − | |-
| |
| − | |<div align="center">4</div>
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| − | |ASD Parent Support Groups Hope for the Journey and CASPER presented some parents’ views on a number of issues, such as how parents decide to choose between a SPED or mainstream school for their children, how mainstream teachers need to be trained in special educational needs, and how to better achieve a smooth transition from school to work.
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| − | |-
| |
| − | |<div align="center">5</div>
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| − | |Ms So Kah Lay, Principal of Metta School presented on the school's use of Virtual Reality in the learning of daily living skills such as road safety (crossing the road at traffic lights or zebra crossings), taking transport, and shopping. According to Ms So, the benefits of VR learning are manifold:
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| − | * One, everyday scenarios are broken down step-by-step for students to comprehend.
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| − | * Second, gesture-based interactive experiences appeal to students who are kinaesthetic learners.
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| − | * Third, students are exposed to scenarios and to face the ‘consequences’ of their poor decision-making without compromising their safety. Aside, social skills are also taught such as choosing non-priority seats, and queuing up before boarding.
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| − | |-
| |
| − | |<div align="center">6</div>
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| − | |Social enterprise Society Staples shared two items which they are seeking feedback, comments and inputs for.
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| − | | |
| − | The first was a digital literacy course that they are developing to teach persons with developmental disabilities digital literacy, e.g. sending an email, using Google Maps and using the internet. It is funded by the LearnSG Seed Fund, and includes an ‘Inclusive Local Guide’ in local places of interest such as the National Gallery of Singapore and the National Museum of Singapore.
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| − | | |
| − | The second item is a pilot of 20 movement-based activities based on principles of educational kinesiology, done in conjunction with MINDS MeToo! Club at Kembangan Chai-Chee Community Hub over 9 months. Society Staples shared testimonials about how clients have benefitted from the sessions, and that they are currently enhancing the programme towards another run in the fourth quarter of 2018.
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| − | |-
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| − | |<div align="center">7</div>
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| − | |In closing, Justin invited participants to share their thoughts about how the event did well, as well as areas for improvement. Roundtable 3 on Caregiving will be coming up, and IPS is looking for an event sponsor and host (e.g., CAL, or the Caregivers' Space at the Enabling Village).
| |
| − | |}
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| − | <br />
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Agenda ====
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| − | * Update on Network Objectives & Membership + Follow-ups from Roundtable I: Employment (11 May)
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| − | * (See substantive agenda items tabled below)
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| − | <br />
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| − | Materials & Presentations :
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| − | https://drive.google.com/open?id=1vsRlBrrMkqeq7MqjhXMgdoWdSOMcN9vP <br>
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| − | | |
| − | {| class="wikitable"
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| − | !No.
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| − | !Agenda Item
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| − | !Presenter
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| − | |-
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| − | |<div align="center">1</div>
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| − | |Consolidated Views on Employment & Education: The Needs & Gaps Report so Far
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| − | |IPS
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| − | |-
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| − | |<div align="center">2</div>
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| − | |Proposed Guidelines for Disability Services in Singapore’s Institutes of Higher Learning
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| − | |SMU
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| − | |-
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| − | |<div align="center">3</div>
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| − | |Views of Parents from ASD Parents Support Groups
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| − | |Hope for the Journey, CASPER
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| − | |-
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| − | |<div align="center">4</div>
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| − | |Virtual Reality for the Learning of Daily Living Skills
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| − | |Metta School
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| − | |-
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| − | |<div align="center">5</div>
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| − | |I. Digital Education and Literacy for Persons with Developmental Disabilities
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| − | | |
| − | II. Educational Kinesiology
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| − | |Society Staples
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| − | |}
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Follow-up Actions ====
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| − | 1- Upload Needs and Gaps Report on [[Disability]] wiki page, refined with inputs from the roundtable
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| − | | |
| − | 2-
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| − | | |
| − | 3-
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| − | | |
| − | 4-
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| − | | |
| − | 5-
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| − | | |
| − | ----
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| − | | |
| − | === Roundtable 3: Caregiving===
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| − | | |
| − | Date - '''Oct/Nov'18 (tentative)'''
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| − | | |
| − | Venue - '''TBC'''(Meeting Rm to be confirmed)
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| − | | |
| − | Facilitator Engagement with Members and Possible Guest Contributors - '''TBC'''
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| − | | |
| − | Deadline for submitting agenda items & papers - '''TBC'''
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| − | | |
| − | Confirm Attendance for Network - '''TBC'''
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Proposed Agenda ('''TBC)''' ====
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| − | | |
| − | 1-Take Stock of Caregiving Needs (IPS)
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| − | | |
| − | 2-Transitions: home to school to work; and as caregivers age (Caregiver support groups)
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| − | | |
| − | 3-
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| − | | |
| − | 4-
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| − | | |
| − | 5-
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| − | | |
| − | -Discuss Network Structure & Refine Rules
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Papers ('''TBC)'''====
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| − | | |
| − | 1-Issue Brief: Caregiver Services for People with Disabilities in Singapore
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| − | | |
| − | 2-Issue brief: Caregiver Experiences through various transitions
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| − | | |
| − | 3-MSF slides: Policy overview of caregiver services
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| − | | |
| − | 4-
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| − | | |
| − | 5-
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Follow-up Actions ====
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| − | | |
| − | 1-
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| − | | |
| − | 2-
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| − | | |
| − | 3-
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ----
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| − | | |
| − | === Roundtable 4: Community Inclusion & Access ===
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| − | | |
| − | Date - '''Nov'18'''
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| − | | |
| − | Venue - '''TBC''' (Meeting Rm to be confirmed)
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| − | | |
| − | Facilitator Engagement with Members and Possible Guest Contributors - '''TBC'''
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| − | | |
| − | Deadline for submitting agenda items & papers - '''TBC'''
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| − | | |
| − | Confirm Attendance for Network - '''TBC'''
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Proposed Agenda ('''TBC)''' ====
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| − | | |
| − | 1-Take stock of Community Inclusion; facilitated dialogue based on issue brief (IPS)
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| − | | |
| − | 2-Present findings on 'What Counts as Inclusion?' from a study commissioned by SGE (IPS & SGE)
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| − | | |
| − | 3-Complete Collective Stock Take of Needs & Gaps (IPS)
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| − | | |
| − | 4-[To invite] BCA Accessibility Code
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| − | | |
| − | 5-
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| − | | |
| − | -Discuss Network Structure & Refine Rules
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ==== Papers ('''TBC)''' ====
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| − | | |
| − | 1-Issue Brief: Disability public education, engagement and advocacy strategies in Singapore
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| − | | |
| − | 2-Position paper: Evaluating inclusion and implications for determining what counts as success for disability programmes
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| − | | |
| − | 3-Draft of Needs & Gaps Report 2018
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| − | | |
| − | 4-
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| − | | |
| − | 5-
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| − | | |
| − | ==== Follow-up Actions ====
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| − | | |
| − | 1-
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| − | | |
| − | 2-
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| − | | |
| − | 3-Members to provide inputs to Needs and Gaps by 15 Dec 2018
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| − | | |
| − | | |
| − | ----
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| − | | |
| − | ===Regular Facilitator Planning & Social Meetings===
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| − | | |
| − | The facilitators of the Disability Network as well as the larger Open Collab initiative will regularly meet to make plans, discuss issues faced, share ideas on how best to run the networks. This will be a relatively informal session where we also get to know one another.
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| − | | |
| − | However, for those who are new and just want to find out more about the Disability Network or the Open Collab, feel free to drop by and we'll be happy to explain. You are welcome too!
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| − | | |
| − | Contact: Justin Lee (email: justin.lee@nus.edu.sg)
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| − | | |
| − | Dates - Last Friday of Every Month, 4-5.30pm (except Good Friday)
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| − | | |
| − | 23 Feb 2018 - IPS Meeting Rm
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| − | | |
| − | 29 Mar 2018 - IPS Meeting Rm
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| − | | |
| − | 27 Apr 2018 - IPS Meeting Rm
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| − | | |
| − | 25 May 2018 - IPS Meeting Rm
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| − | | |
| − | 29 Jun 2018 - IPS Meeting Rm
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| − | | |
| − | 27 Jul 2018 - IPS Meeting Rm
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| − | | |
| − | 31 Aug 2018 - IPS Meeting Rm
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| − | | |
| − | 28 Sep 2018 - IPS Meeting Rm
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| − | | |
| − | 26 Oct 2018 - IPS Meeting Rm
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| − | | |
| − | 30 Nov 2018 - IPS Meeting Rm
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| − | | |
| − | 28 Dec 2018 - IPS Meeting Rm
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| − | | |
| − | Venue - IPS Meeting Rm is at 1C Cluny Road, House 5, Singapore (259599)
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| − | | |
| − | == Meeting Structure and Rules ==
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| − | | |
| − | === General ===
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| − | | |
| − | -Aspire to have quarterly meetings per year: members set agenda and simple polling can be done to prioritise
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| − | | |
| − | -All members will automatically be invited to attend. Associates will be invited based on the issue at hand and members can deliberate who they want to invite. e.g. VWOs may not want their funders or regulators present as it may impede forthcoming dialogue or sharing.
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| − | | |
| − | -Members will also discuss and source for speakers where their presence is required to shed light on kowledge gaps of interest.
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| − | | |
| − | -Between the quarterly meetings, members are free to have separate meetings, commission studies or seek partnerships to investigate or discuss issues not on the main agenda, but will be integrated into the annual needs and gaps report.
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| − | | |
| − | -All reports will be sent to members for their inputs and final approval before it becomes 'official' and published online.
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| − | | |
| − | -Where a member is not able to make a meeting, they should aspire to send a deputy. Reports will be sent to all members so that they get a chance to provide inputs even if they were unable to attend. (In order not to hold back publication dates, reports will reflect which members who were unable to provide inputs in time, and these rpeorts be amended once they are able to).
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| − | | |
| − | -Where members disagree on the content or position taken by the paper there are various options:
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| − | 1) If there is a majority view, the paper can be written to reflect that, but capturing the organisations who dissent and their reasons.
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| − | 2) Not publish a position paper if the opinions are relatively split.
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| − | 3) Publish a paper that reflects the diversity of views and their rationale, so that there is a documentation of the report.
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| − | | |
| − | === Meeting Structure ===
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| − | PRE-MEETING:
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| − | 1-Take Stock of Needs and Gaps
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| − | 2-Convene to Prioritize Knowledge Gaps
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| − | 3-Set Meeting Agenda for the Year
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| − | EACH MEETING:
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| − | 1-An issue brief will be sent out to members before convening
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| − | 2-Take stock of knowledge gaps and prioritise them
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| − | 3-At the meeting, members will deliberate on proposed policy recommendations or advocacy positions: policy or position paper will be written based on deliberations
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| − | 4-Decide on how to present position if there is no consensus
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| − | 5-Coordination and division of labour: Follow-up items; who will investigate what?
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| − | 6-At the end of each session, there will be an opportunity for members to reflect on and suggest amendments to all the various the guiding principles and rules of the Disability Network (Purpose, Membership or Meetings)
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| − | AFTER LAST MEETING:
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| − | | |
| − | 1-Consolidate all findings for Annual Needs and Gaps Report
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| − | 2-Facilitator will write up and send to all members
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| − | 3-Once approved by members, report will be published online
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| − | | |
| − | === Deliverables and Products ===
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| − | 1-Issues briefs prior to each session
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| − | 2-Position papers or policy briefs as a result of each session. There can also be feasibility studies, programme proposals, collective impact plans depending on the interests of the members.
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| − | 3-A needs and gaps report to be written at the end of the year
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| − | | |
| − | ==Useful References ==
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| − | | |
| − | ===On building networks===
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| − | http://www.networkimpact.org/
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| − | | |
| − | ===On how to facilitate good conversations===
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| − | Some principles of facilitating group dialogue
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| − | https://www.icasc.ca/resources/holding-space
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| − | | |
| − | ===Disability Councils and what they do===
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| − | http://www.disabilitycouncil.nsw.gov.au/
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| − | ===On referendums and democratic decision-making===
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| − | Switzerland's unique form of direct democracy allows groups of citizens to call for national referendums on specific policies if validated signatures of 100,000 Swiss citizens are collected in support of a proposal. Possible to consider a similar mechanism for networks here.
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| − | | |
| − | ===Justifications for running networks like this===
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| − | From Steven Johnson (2001) Emergence: The Connected Lives of Ants, Brains, Cities and Software: complex systems exhibit emergence because they “solve problems by drawing upon masses of relatively (simple) elements, rather than a single, intelligent “executive branch.” They are bottom-up systems, not top-down. They get their smarts from below. In more technical language, they are complex adaptive systems that display emergent behavior. In these systems, agents residing on one scale start producing behavior that lies one scale above them: ants create colonies; urbanites create neighborhoods; simple pattern-recognition software learns how to recommend new books. The movement from low-level rules to higher-level sophistication is what we call emergence” (Johnson 2001: 18)
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| − | ===Tips for giving good feedback at Networks===
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| − | | |
| − | -be honest
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| − | | |
| − | -be specific (explain what you disagree with or don't understand)
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| − | | |
| − | -be constructive (suggest how to improve)
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| − | | |
| − | -comment on the most important things first
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