Difference between revisions of "Disability"

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Page to [[Disability Network|'''Disability Community Network''']]
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== Definitions and Scope ==
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==Overview==
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The information found in these pages is populated by participants of the [[Disability Community Network|'''Disability Community Network''']] and many other individuals who have an interest in Disability issues. Feel free to join the Network's [https://groups.google.com/forum/#!forum/disability-community-network '''Google Group / Forum'''] if you are keen to touch base and contribute.
  
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=== Target Population: People with Disabilities  ===
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This overview provides a synopsis of the current knowledge base. Having considered all the information in the disability pages:  
  
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Persons with disabilities refer to  “those whose prospects of securing, retaining places and advancing in education and training institutions, employment and recreation as equal members of the community are substantially reduced as a result of physical, sensory, intellectual and developmental impairments.” [http://app.msf.gov.sg/Portals/0/Files/EM_Chapter1.pdf Enabling Masterplan, MSF]
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1) What are the priority issues that deserve attention
  
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[Point to note: Lien Centre for Social Innovation adopts this definition in their recent publication titled People with Physical Disabilities in Singapore: Understanding Disabling Factors in Caregiving, Education, Employment and Finances.]
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2) What are opportunity areas that community or voluntary organizations can already take action on
  
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There is no standard definition of disability which is accepted by all stakeholders. For example, NCSS/SSI lists a SSI course on mental illness under disability category, but in practice persons with chronic mental illness are not eligible for disability policies and programmes. This group is also not covered by Public Transport Concession Scheme for Persons with Disabilities, for which only those with "Physical Disability, Visual Impairment, Hearing Impairment, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability" qualify.  
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3) What knowledge gaps deserve further investigation?[[File:20190308 194739 small.jpg|thumb|An audio description device used on the set of ''[http://www.fingerplayers.com/not-in-my-lifetime Not In My Lifetime?]'' which allow blind or vision-impaired audience members to fully enjoy the experience of a live theatre performance.]]
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===Priority Issues===
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<big>[These are candidate (not finalized) issues to be discussed and prioritized with participants of the DCN, after we share back the whole set of information.]</big>
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*Getting a better understanding of disability and the issues facing the differently-abled
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*<u>Employment rates for PWDs are low</u>, and there are little protections against discrimination.
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**As of a 2019 Ministry of Manpower (MoM) survey, 28.6% or nearly 3 in 10 people with disabilities (PwDs) of working age (between 15 to 64) are employed.<ref>https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/disability-pwds-in-employment-mom-survey-parliament-zaqy-11863568</ref>
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**Many young adults with special needs of disability suddenly left with substantially less government aid or help when they leave special education route in school. Higher functioning individuals may find gainful employment in social enterprises but many are not able to cope when placed in the competitive workplace of most private sector jobs.
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**Pay ceiling for PwDs who cannot physically be present for the full office hour duration
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*Social discrimination/ exclusion that still exists despite about a third of Singaporeans thinking otherwise<ref>http://www.lienfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Inclusive%20Attitudes%20Survey%20Press%20Release%20Final.pdf</ref>
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**64% of people in Singapore were willing to share public spaces with PwDs but not willing to interact with them. More than a third of Singaporeans have no special needs children in their social circles. And 23% of the remaining two thirds only meet more than once a year. <ref>http://www.lienfoundation.org/sites/default/files/FINAL%20-%20Inclusive%20Attitudes%20Survey%20Part%201_30May16.pdf</ref>
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**Public buses were only made fully accessible in 2008 and they have largely been an unseen community to the majority of the public, with lack of personal interactions and friendships fueling misconceptions about the PwD community.
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**Exclusion and discrimination from them having relationships, married life and parenthood for many PwDs for a variety of societal misconceptions.<ref>https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/parents-with-disabilities-tackle-misconceptions-raising-families-11729976?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cna</ref>
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*While the disability sector has benefited from continuum planning across the life course through the Enabling Masterplans (Early intervention, education, employment, caregiver support etc), new frontiers to go into are community participation (participation of PWDs in the community) and social inclusion.
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===Actionable Opportunity Areas===
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<big>[These are a list of ideas and actionable concepts that service providers, community partners and social innovators, can already take on and implement. For ideas that have not yet been fully articulated, see specific segments in each area of need]</big>
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See [[Disability Ideas Bank]] for a compilation of other ideas.
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*[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1EmGqD3lr0nS4sIqegVq44Mmiu93q5kNSeUXcxXyp9gI/edit Inclusive Neighbourhoods] (A community inclusion initiative for people with disabilities and their caregivers.The objective is to help community members, partners and local institutions integrate PWDs and their caregivers into the communal life of the residential neighbourhood, where PWDs are supported by the whole community but can also contribute back to it. This will be achieved through an strengths-based community development approach that maps and mobilises the assets of the community. Early stages of being conceptualised. Interested to partner or support? Contact justin.lee@nus.edu.sg)
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*Accessibility Audit Staycations. We get hotels to provide free staycations to caregivers and PWDs, and in exchange they will systematically use and experience all the amenities, make sure they can get around, use the gym, pool, restaurants, and provide an accessibility report (as well as ideas on how to improve). This will help hotels improve their infrastructure and social accommodations to different customers with disabilities, improving their marketability and attractiveness to a niche market that can be quite large and profitable. Eg have ‘quiet buffets’ once a month for autistic diners. Possibly staycation cum bootcamp where PWDs do accessibility audit followed by facilitated session design thinkers/consultants - ideation and design thinking bootcamp over the weekend to come up with ideas to improve accessibility. This idea can be expanded slowly to neighbouring amenities and localities so that over time, each locality has an accessibility rating, so the local trade associations can do something collectively if they want. Eg Orchard Road / Sentosa, Little India etc might pay PWDs to come do accessibility audit and make recommendations. Retailers can also invite. National positioning angle --- Singapore is inclusive destination. There core concept itself requires little to no programme cost, just some coordination. Hotels can do it as part of their CSR. To get this going, need to get a sense of how accessibility audits are done, eg in the UK where they are required by law.
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===Knowledge Gaps===
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*[to insert key knowledge gaps]
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*[to insert key knowledge gaps]
  
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"But this differs from that of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, because those with mental health impairments - such as depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders - are left out. When asked about this, the MSF says not all mental illnesses result in disabilities, and with medication and treatment, patients are able to function well on their own." [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/what-disabled-people-want-a-little-kindness (ST 8 May 2016)]
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==Definition of Disability==
  
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===Client Segments===
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===How Disability is defined in Singapore===
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Persons with disabilities refer to  “those whose prospects of securing, retaining places and advancing in education and training institutions, employment and recreation as equal members of the community are substantially reduced as a result of physical, sensory, intellectual and developmental impairments.” [http://app.msf.gov.sg/Portals/0/Files/EM_Chapter1.pdf Enabling Masterplan, MSF] [<u>Clarification</u>: Will it be useful to specify what these mean by grouping different disabilities into these broader categories, eg physical (wheelchair users?) sensory (VI, HI), intellectual and developmental impairments (ASD, Dyslexia?)]
  
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Page to [[Adults with autism|Adults with Autism]]
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[Point to note: Lien Centre for Social Innovation adopts this definition in their recent publication titled People with Physical Disabilities in Singapore: Understanding Disabling Factors in Caregiving, Education, Employment and Finances.] [<u>Clarification</u>: May not need to include this point as Lien is likely taking reference from MSF and NCSS, so we only need to take into account those sources unless there are other good reasons to?]  
  
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Page to [[Visual Impairment|Visual Impairment]]
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There is no standard definition of disability which is accepted by all stakeholders. For example, NCSS/SSI lists a SSI course on mental illness under disability category, but in practice persons with chronic mental illness are not eligible for disability policies and programmes. This group is also not covered by Public Transport Concession Scheme for Persons with Disabilities, for which only those with "Physical Disability, Visual Impairment, Hearing Impairment, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability" qualify.
  
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Page to [[Hearing Impairment|Hearing Impairment]]
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MOE's [https://www.moe.gov.sg/education/special-education/how-do-i-know-if-my-child-has-special-education-needs#common-sen-among-children-in-singapore list of SEN]: 
  
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Page to [[Arts and Disability|Arts and Disability]]
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===How Disability is defined elsewhere===
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"But this differs from that of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, because those with mental health impairments - such as depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders - are left out. When asked about this, the MSF says not all mental illnesses result in disabilities, and with medication and treatment, patients are able to function well on their own." [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/what-disabled-people-want-a-little-kindness (ST 8 May 2016)]
  
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Page to [[Intellectual disability|Intellectual Disability]]
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[<u>Clarification</u>: The main or only difference between SIngapore's official definition of disability and elsewhere is the inclusion of mental health conditions? ]
  
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=== Size of the Problem ===
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[<u>Suggestion</u>: Given that there may be disputes to what a useful definition is, possibly insert a link to a Discussion page on the implications of defining Disability differently. DPA has written about this somewhere previously?]
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No definite data of the total number of people with disability exists, because no official central registry or comprehensive disability study has been done. According to 2013 data from SG Enable, Singapore has about 100,000 people with disabilities. In view of Singapore’s ageing population, this number will increase by 2030 as more people acquire a disability through the ageing process. According to Singapore’s population index, “the number of elderly citizens will triple to 900,000 by 2030.” [http://population.sg/key-challenges/#.VuENbpx96M8) Population.sg]
 
  
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In Singapore, those with disabilities are estimated to make up 3 per cent of the population or well over 100,000 people.[http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/sports-for-those-with-disabilities (ST 27 Sep 2016)]
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=== What are the different types of disabilities?<ref>https://www.sgenable.sg/about-us/our-impact/disability-in-singapore#source-link-2</ref> ===
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'''Physical disabilities''' refers to either a total or partial loss of bodily functions such as the ability to walk, or a total or partial loss of a part of the body. It can result from congenital causes, or acquired from serious illnesses or injury.
  
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Some disability prevalence rates of Singapore citizens with disabilities are available from the Enabling Masterplan 2017-2021. According to the foreword of the Enabling Masterplan 2017-2021, 2.1% of the student population have disabilities. (Source: Ministry of Education. This is based on the number of reported cases of students with sensory impairment, physical impairment, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. The total student population is put at approximately 460,000). Of the resident population aged 18 – 49 years, 3.4% have disabilities (Source: National Council of Social Service. Based on a random sampling of 2,000 Singapore residents and permanent residents aged 18 and above done by NCSS in 2015, the self-reported disability prevalence rate was 3.4% for those aged 18 – 49 years old. This includes those who acquired disabilities due to accidents and illness.) Of the resident population aged 50 years and above, 13.3%  have disabilities (Source: National Council of Social Service. Based on a random sampling of 2,000 Singapore residents and permanent residents aged 18 and above done by NCSS in 2015, the self-reported disability prevalence rate was 13.3% for those aged 50 years and above. This includes those who acquired disabilities due to accidents, illness and older age).  
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The two main types of '''sensory disability''' are visual impairment and deafness/hard of hearing. There are varying degrees of visual impairment: some people have low vision, others have tunnel vision in which their peripheral vision is affected, while others experience complete blindness. People could also have partial or complete hearing loss.
  
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To view and download the Enabling Masterplan 2017-2021, go to the Ministy of Social and Family Development's Disabilities and Special Needs page: [https://www.msf.gov.sg/policies/Disabilities-and-Special-Needs/Pages/default.aspx (Enabling Masterplan 2017-2021)]
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'''Intellectual disability''' is mainly established by a person’s intelligence quotient (IQ of 70 or below). It is also a feature of medical conditions such as Down Syndrome, Prader-Willi Syndrome and Williams Syndrome.
  
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===Ideal Outcomes===
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'''Autism''' is a developmental disability currently with no known causes or cures. Persons with autism typically have problems with social communication and interaction across contexts, and present very rigid and repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities.
  
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Inclusive society
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==Key Statistics & Figures==
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<big>These are key figures that are relevant for the disability sector at large; for specific stats such as employment rates, please see the respective pages. [<u>Alternatively, we could also do this</u>: cross-link to those statistics in the other pages; see example below]</big>
  
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== Needs of People with Disabilities ==
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===Prevalence rate===
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* 2018: [http://www.lienfoundation.org/sites/default/files/LF%20Early%20Intervention%20Survey%20Findings.pdf Lien Foundation Study on Early Intervention Professionals]
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<big>Synopsis: Various sources put the prevalence rate at about 3% of the population, which means about 100,000 in total, out of which about 10,000 are students</big>.
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* 2017: [https://www.nvpc.org.sg/resources/report-on-issues-faced-by-people-with-disabilities-in-singapore NVPC Report on Issues Faced By People With Disabilities In Singapore]
 
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* 2016: Lien Foundation’s Inclusive Attitudes Survey of the [http://www.lienfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Inclusive%20Attitudes%20Survey%20Press%20Release%20Final.pdf General Public] and [http://lienfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Inclusive%20Survey%20Part%202%20-%20Press%20Release%20Lien%20Fdn%20Final%5b1%5d.pdf Parents of Children with Special Needs]
 
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* 2016: [http://www.dpa.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Incusion-in-Education2.pdf DPA’s Achieving Inclusion in Education]
 
  
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=== Need access to relevant information===
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*<u>SG Enable</u>: No definitive data of the total number of people with disability exists, because no official central registry or comprehensive disability study has been done.  According to 2013 data from SG Enable, Singapore has about '''100,000''' people with disabilities. In view of Singapore’s ageing population, this number will increase by 2030 as more people acquire a disability through the ageing process. [Citation for this?] According to Singapore’s population index, “the number of elderly citizens will triple to 900,000 by 2030.” [http://population.sg/key-challenges/#.VuENbpx96M8) Population.sg]
  
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'''Existing Resources'''
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{| class="wikitable"
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!Population group
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!Approximate prevalence rate
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|-
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|Student population
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|2.1% of student population<ref>Source: Ministry of Education. This is based on the number of reported cases of students with sensory impairment, physical impairment, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. The total student population is put at approximately 460,000</ref>
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|-
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|18-49 years
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|3.4% of resident population<ref>Source: National Council of Social Service. Based on a random sampling of 2,000 Singapore citizens and permanent residents aged 18 and above done by NCSS in 2015, the self-reported disability prevalence rate was 3.4% for those aged 18–49 years old. This includes those who acquired disabilities due to accidents and illness</ref>
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|-
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|50 years and above
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|13.3% of resident population<ref>Source: National Council of Social Service. Based on a random sampling of 2,000 Singapore citizens and permanent residents aged 18 and above done by NCSS in 2015, the self-reported disability prevalence rate was 13.3% for those aged 50 years and above. This includes those who acquired disabilities due to accidents, illness and old age</ref>
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|}
  
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AbleThrive - curates content for people with disabilities and their families pn life skills, relationships, travle, parenting etc.
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**This table provides some estimates on the Prevalence rate of disability in Singapore [https://www.sgenable.sg/about-us/our-impact/disability-in-singapore#source-link-2 (SG Enable)]:
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https://ablethrive.com/
 
  
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'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
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*<u>Straits Times</u>: In Singapore, those with disabilities are estimated to make up '''3 per cent''' of the population or '''well over 100,000 people'''.[http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/sports-for-those-with-disabilities (ST 27 Sep 2016)] [<u>Clarification</u>: Check what official source they are using for these figures, and if it is MSF or NCSS, can delete this]
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*<u>MSF - Enabling Masterplan</u>: Some disability prevalence rates of Singapore citizens with disabilities are available from the Enabling Masterplan 2017-2021. According to the foreword of the [https://www.msf.gov.sg/policies/Disabilities-and-Special-Needs/Pages/default.aspx Enabling Masterplan 2017-2021] , '''2.1%''' of the student population have disabilities. (Source: Ministry of Education. This is based on the number of reported cases of students with sensory impairment, physical impairment, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. The total student population is put at approximately 460,000). [This means about '''9,660 students''' have special needs?]
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*<u>NCSS</u>: Of the resident population aged 18 – 49 years, '''3.4%''' have disabilities (Source: National Council of Social Service. Based on a random sampling of 2,000 Singapore residents and permanent residents aged 18 and above done by NCSS in 2015, the self-reported disability prevalence rate was 3.4% for those aged 18 – 49 years old. This includes those who acquired disabilities due to accidents and illness.) Of the resident population aged 50 years and above, 13.3%  have disabilities (Source: National Council of Social Service. Based on a random sampling of 2,000 Singapore residents and permanent residents aged 18 and above done by NCSS in 2015, the self-reported disability prevalence rate was 13.3% for those aged 50 years and above. This includes those who acquired disabilities due to accidents, illness and older age).
  
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===Other relevant stats===
  
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'''Possible Solutions'''
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*See [http://wiki.socialcollab.sg/index.php/Disability/Employment#Employment_Rate_of_PWDs employment rates] of PWDs: 5 in 100 employed.
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*[Insert link to other key stats fro other pages; e.g. participation rates in arts,sports etc headline figure here]
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*[Insert link to other key stats; headline figure here]
  
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===Early Intervention===
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==Map of Areas of Need & Key Issues==
  
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----
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*<big>Click here for approach we took in this [[Disability/Landscape of Needs and Gaps|'''Landscape of''' '''Needs and Gaps''']] exercise, and how to contribute.</big>
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*<big>Read this templatised [[Template|guide]] on how to populate the pages</big>
  
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==== Need for timely and effective early intervention ====
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<big>Click the links below to go directly to specific areas of interest:</big>
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* 7,000 children aged 6 and below have developmental difficulties as of 2015<ref>https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/big-read-special-needs-children-pre-school-not-given-0</ref>
 
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* Between 2010 and 2014, KKH and NUS screenings show a 76% increase in children 6 and below with developmental issues such as development delays, speech and language delays, learning difficulties and autism spectrum disorders (ASD)<ref>https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/more-preschoolers-diagnosed-developmental-issues</ref>
 
 
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* For caregivers of children with ASD, touchpoints are poorly equipped in advising parents on where to obtain reliable help during the post-diagnostic phase
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|[https://www.sgenable.sg/pages/content.aspx?path=/for-children/development-support/ Development Support (DS) & Learning Support (LS)]
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* For pre-school children with mild developmental needs '''[total number of such children?]'''
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* Support and intervention in areas such as speech and language, social skills, motor skills, behaviour and literacy
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|[[Disability/Education|<big>'''Education'''</big>]]
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* Rolled out to > 300 preschools, > 2,000 children and families, caa December 2015<ref>https://www.msf.gov.sg/policies/International-Conventions/Documents/Singapore%20CRPD%20Report%20-%20final.pdf</ref>
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- [https://www.moe.gov.sg/special-educational-needs/ Ministry of Education Special Educational Needs]
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* '''[outcomes information on how DS/LS has fared?]'''
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|'''<big>↘</big>'''
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|[https://www.sgenable.sg/pages/content.aspx?path=/for-children/early-intervention-programme-for-infants-children-eipic/ Early Intervention Programme for Infants & Children (EIPIC)]
 
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* Therapy and educational support services for children below 6 years with special needs at risk of moderate to severe developmental delays '''[total number of such children?]'''
 
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* 21 EIPIC Centres, caa July 2018<ref>https://www.sgenable.sg/uploads/EIPIC%20Service%20Matrix.pdf</ref>
 
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* Currently serving about 2,600 children<ref>http://lienfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Inclusive%20Survey%20Part%202%20-%20Press%20Release%20Lien%20Fdn%20Final%5B1%5D.pdf</ref>, projected to grow to 3,200 places by 2018<ref>https://www.msf.gov.sg/policies/International-Conventions/Documents/Singapore%20CRPD%20Report%20-%20final.pdf</ref><ref>https://www.msf.gov.sg/media-room/Pages/Clarifications-on-EIPIC.aspx</ref>
 
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* [https://www.sgenable.sg/pages/content.aspx?path=/schemes/intervention-programmes/enhanced-pilot-for-private-intervention-providers/ Enhanced Pilot for Private Intervention Providers] to subsidise selected Private Intervention Centres
 
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* SPD - Building Bridges @ EIPIC Centres are at Tiong Bahru, Jurong, Tampines & Bedok served a total of 465 children in FY16/17<ref>http://www.spd.org.sg/upload/SPD%20FY1617%20Annual%20Report.pdf</ref> - 41 graduated, 27 progressing to mainstream primary and the rest to SPED
 
 
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* EIPIC Centres have long waiting lists (up to six months<ref name=":0">National Volunteer and Philanthropy Centre (NVPC). (2017). Issues faced by people with disabilities in Singapore. Retrieved from <nowiki>https://www.nvpc.org.sg/resources/report-on-issues-faced-by-people-with-disabilities-in-singapore</nowiki></ref> or a year<ref name=":1">https://www.todayonline.com/singapore/big-read-special-needs-children-pre-school-not-given-0</ref>)
 
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* Early Intervention Professionals face quick burnout, unattractive salaries/benefits relative to the private sector and shortage of manpower<ref name=":2">Lien Foundation Study on Early Intervention Professionals. http://www.lienfoundation.org/sites/default/files/LF%20Early%20Intervention%20Survey%20Findings.pdf</ref><ref name=":3">https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/survey-unveils-challenges-faced-by-professionals-working-alongside-special-needs-children</ref>
 
 
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* Long waiting lists at EIPIC Centres - (1) If disproportionately high at certain EIPIC Centres, to educate and counsel parents on their choice of centre or (2) scale up vacancies
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|'''[https://www.sgenable.sg/pages/content.aspx?path=/for-children/therapy-for-young-children/ Community Educational Support Services]'''
 
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* [https://www.awwa.org.sg/services-for-children-and-youth/community-integration-service/ AWWA Community Integration Service]
 
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* [http://www.carecorner.org.sg/ets.html Care Corner Educational Therapy Service]
 
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* [http://cpas.org.sg/ Cerebral Palsy Alliance Singapore (CPAS)]
 
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* [http://downsyndrome-singapore.org/post/view/8/24 Down Syndrome Association's Children Education Services]
 
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* Handicaps Welfare Association (HWA) '''[confirmation required]'''
 
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* [http://ic2.com.sg/services/early-intervention/ iC2 PrepHouse]
 
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* [http://www.shine.org.sg/educational-psychology-service/ SHINE Educational Psychology Service]
 
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* Singapore Association for the Deaf (SADeaf)
 
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* Singapore Association of the Visually Handicapped (SAVH)
 
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* SPD
 
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* St Andrew’s Community Hospital
 
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* THK Children’s Therapy Centre
 
 
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|[[Disability/Employment|<big>'''Employment'''</big>]]
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|<big>'''↘'''</big>
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| rowspan="5" |<big>'''[[Disability/Social Inclusion|Social Inclusion]]'''</big>
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-[[Arts and Disability|Arts]]
  
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===Education===
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-[[Disability Sports|Sports]]
  
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----
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-[[Disability/Sexuality|Sexuality]]
  
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==== Need for accessible and quality pre-school options ====
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-Public Acceptance
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{| class="wikitable"
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!EXISTING RESOURCES
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|<big>'''[[Disability/Community Participation|Community Participation]]'''</big>
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|<big>'''→'''</big>
 
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|Inclusive Preschools
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* [http://www.kindlegarden.com.sg/ Kindle Garden] by AWWA
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* Private service providers include:
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** Bright Path Preschool<ref>https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/education/pre-school-takes-in-special-needs-kids-too?xtor=CS3-17</ref>
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** [https://msis.edu.sg/ Melbourne Specialist International School]
 
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** SAIL Playhouse<ref>https://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/education/sail-playhouse-offers-an-inclusive-preschool-environment</ref>
 
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** [https://weecare.com.sg/ Wee Care @ Tanglin]
 
 
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|[https://www.sgenable.sg/pages/content.aspx?path=/for-children/integrated-child-care-programme-iccp/ Integrated Child Care Programme (ICCP)]
 
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* Select childcare centres that allow children with mild special needs to learn, play and socialise alongside their mainstream peers
 
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* 14 ICCP Centres caa 18 May 2018<ref>https://www.sgenable.sg/uploads/ICCP%20Service%20Matrix.pdf</ref>
 
 
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−
* EIPIC Centres have long waiting lists (up to six months<ref name=":0" /> or a year<ref name=":1" />)
 
−
* Early Intervention Professionals face quick burnout, unattractive salaries/benefits relative to the private sector and shortage of manpower<ref name=":2" /><ref name=":3" />
 
 
|
 
|
−
* Long waiting lists at EIPIC Centres - (1) If disproportionately high at certain EIPIC Centres, to educate and counsel parents on their choice of centre or (2) scale up vacancies
+
|
−
|}
+
|
 +
|<big>'''[[Disability/Mobility and Access|Mobility & Access]]'''</big>
  
−
==== Need for accessible and affordable mainstream education ====
+
-[http://wiki.socialcollab.sg/index.php/Disability/Mobility_and_Access#Transportation Transportation]
  
−
'''Existing Resources'''
+
-[http://wiki.socialcollab.sg/index.php/Disability/Mobility_and_Access#Access_to_Buildings Access to Buildings]
  
−
Disability support facilities & programmes in mainstream schools:
+
-[http://wiki.socialcollab.sg/index.php/Disability/Mobility_and_Access#Information_Access Information Access]
 +
|<big>'''↗'''</big>
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|-
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|<big>'''[[Disability/Caregiver Support|Family & Caregivers]]'''</big>
 +
|<big>'''↗'''</big>
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|
 +
|}
  
−
Allied Educator Scheme
+
<big>'''The following is also listed below in alphabetical order:'''</big>
  
−
Disability Support Office in IHLs
+
[<u>Note to contributors</u>: The headings here look a little unnecessary here, but it is so that these issues come out in the content page above; to help navigability. We may also add in synopses of each of these issues here, so that readers get a headline view without having to navigate to those pages]
  
−
Teachers trained in Special Needs (TSN) scheme
+
====Community Participation====
  
−
Government subsidies and funds to defray the costs of accommodation required to attend mainstream schools. These notably include the [https://www.sgenable.sg/pages/content.aspx?path=/schemes/equipment-technology-home-retrofit/assistive-technology-fund/ Assistive Technology Fund], Computer Access Trust Fund and Special Education Needs Fund.
+
*Click on [[Disability/Community Participation|EMPLOYMENT Link]]
 +
*Synopsis:
  
−
Singaporean students with severe disabilities who are studying at polytechnics and the Institute of Technical Education (ITE) will be eligible for up to S$70,000 in subsidies.Full-time students with severe hearing, physical or visual impairment can use the funding to buy the necessary assistive technology (AT) devices and support services for their education. The subsidies fall under a new high-needs category under the Ministry of Education's (MOS) Special Educational Needs fund. Students with less severe physical impairments will still be provided with up to S$5,000 to purchase necessary AT devices, and eligible students with less severe hearing or visual impairment will receive up to S$25,000 in subsidies.([http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/subsidies-raised-for-poly-ite-students-with-severe-disabilities-9233082 CNA 20 Sep 2017])
+
[[File:Yomex-owo-634531-unsplash.jpg|thumb]]
  
−
-Bursaries and scholarships ( SPD Education Programme - 94 clients, $95,000 disbursed; APB and Microsoft shcolarship)
+
====Detection & Early Intervention====
  
−
Singapore's first inclusive pre-school: Kindle Garden by AWWA
+
*Click on [[Disability/Early Intervention|EARLY INTERVENTION Link]]
−
http://www.kindlegarden.com.sg/
+
*Synopsis:
  
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
+
====Education====
  
−
Vocational training provided by SPED schools has not kept up with changing job market; some roles will dry up while others will be outsourced or filled on a project basis. Consequently, SPED graduates who were trained to perform simple manual jobs find themselves out of jobs.
+
*Click on [[Disability/Education|EDUCATION Link]]
 +
*Synopsis:
  
−
Uneven quality of SPED schools can be due to limitations in governance, manpower and curriculum development.
+
====Employment====
  
−
Other systematic barriers exist: inadequate teacher training on special needs; insufficient AEDs; insufficient funds to purchase AT devices and supporting services like sign language interpretation; professional ambiguity of AEDs; lack of special needs facilities and/or programmes at mainstream schools, PWDs are automatically exempted from Compulsory Education
+
*Click on [[Disability/Employment|EMPLOYMENT Link]]
 +
*Synopsis:
  
−
Mainstream schools are still not fully accessible to PWDs
+
====Family & Caregivers====
  
−
-Fees of Inclusive pre-school are high post-pilot phase when funding runs out: Kindle Garden told parents in 2017 that it would raise fees from $980 to $1,880 a month for full-day childcare from January 2018. The median fee for full-day childcare is $867 as of the end of June ([http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/education/inclusive-pre-school-kindle-garden-set-to-double-its-fees] ST 1 Aug 2017).
+
*Click on [[Disability/Caregiver Support|CAREGIVERS Link]]
 +
*Synopsis:
  
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
+
====General/ Statistics of PwDs in Singapore====
  
−
review vocational training to ensure that skills and knowledge taught meet the changing needs of the job market
+
*Click on [https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=lien_reports PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES IN SINGAPORE]
 +
*Click on [https://www.dpa.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/Singapore-and-UN-CRPD.pdf Rights of PwDs]
  
−
extend Compulsory Education Act to children with disabilities
+
====Mobility & Access====
  
−
MOE, VWOs and MSF to work together to ensure all children with disabilities are given adequate support and accommodation to succeed in mainstream schools
+
*Click on [[Disability/Mobility and Access|MOBILITY & ACCESS Link,]] or for specific segments:
 +
**[http://wiki.socialcollab.sg/index.php/Disability/Mobility_and_Access#Transportation Transportation]
 +
**[http://wiki.socialcollab.sg/index.php/Disability/Mobility_and_Access#Access_to_Buildings Access to Buildings]
 +
**[http://wiki.socialcollab.sg/index.php/Disability/Mobility_and_Access#Information_Access Information Access]
 +
*Synopsis:
  
−
----
+
====Social Inclusion====
  
−
==== Need for mainstream teachers to receive adequate training on special educational needs ====
+
*Click on [[Disability/Social Inclusion|SOCIAL INCLUSION Link,]] or for specific segments:
 +
**[[Arts and Disability|Arts]]
 +
**[[Disability Sports|Sports]]
 +
**[[Disability/Sexuality|Sexuality]]
 +
**Public Acceptance
 +
*Synopsis:
  
−
'''Existing Resources'''
+
==Specific Sub-Pages==
 +
[<u>To Update</u>: Possibly, these specific disability types can be group according to the broader categories in the definition used by MSF: Physical, Sensory, Intellectual etc]
  
−
As of 2005, the National Institute of Education requires all beginning teachers to undergo a compulsory 12-hour module on special needs. The module aims to equip all teachers with a basic understanding of students with special needs.
+
Physical Disability
  
−
Further, 10% of teachers in mainstream primary schools and 20% in secondary schools have undergone more in-depth training on special educational needs, and received a Certificate Level training in Special Needs. In particular, they were taught how to plan instruction, adapt and differentiate curriculum to meet the diverse needs of students.
+
Sensory Disability
  
−
As of 2015, more than 1,500 polytechnic and Institute of Technical Education staff have undergone training in basic special educational needs. The MOE aims to train all polytechnic and ITE academic staff similarly over the next five years.
+
[[Visual Impairment|Visual Impairment]]
  
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
+
[[Hearing Impairment|Hearing Impairment]]
  
 +
[[Intellectual disability|Intellectual Disability]]
  
 +
Developmental Disability
  
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
+
[[Adults with autism|Adults with Autism]]
  
 +
[<u>To Update</u>: There should be a page on Autism in general instead of Adults with Autism]
  
−
----
+
[[Aphasia]]
  
−
==== Need for quality Special Education that prepares PWDs for independent living and employment ====
+
<big>'''Niche issues'''</big>
  
−
'''Existing Resources'''
+
[[Arts and Disability|Arts and Disability]]
  
−
For the past decade, the MOE has committed $150 million for upgrading and building of the 20 SPED schools to provide better facilities and meet the rising demand for places catering to specific disabilities.  
+
==Community Groups==
 +
[[Disability Community Network]] - currently facilitated by Justin Lee (IPS), but looking towards community to take over.
  
−
The MOE and SPED schools also worked together to introduce a new framework for vocational education to guide SPED schools in implementing a structured programme of vocational education that would effectively prepare their students to be employable. Presently, vocational education programmes will lead to national certification in selected industry areas for SPED schools serving students with mild intellectual disability.  
+
Disability Research Coalition - facilitated by Lohsnah (NUS) and Vim (MINDS) to faciluitate collaboration amongst researchers interested in disability sector.
  
−
To encourage students with and without disabilities to play and learn together, MOE also collaborated with SPED schools to introduce a satellite partnership programme. Under this programme, mainstream schools located near SPED schools conduct joint social and learning activities through Community Involvement Programme and Co-Curricular Activities. Today, 16 out of 20 SPED schools are involved in satellite partnerships.  
+
Quota Hiring Interest Group - group interested to study the feasibility of quota hiring in Singapore, by comparing quota systems in different countries. See this [https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/109DdtJ-GKbGZTrk5nx2nucrdg6iVe6kT/edit?usp=drive_web&ouid=111355174097427147097&dls=true comparison chart].
  
−
MOE also enhanced professional development opportunities for special education teachers to attract and retain talent to the profession. In particular, they launched an Advanced Diploma in Special Education and the MOE Masters Scholarship in Special Education in 2014, and provides SPED schools $1,100 annually for each SPED staff to engage in professional development activities, and organised Curriculum Leadership Teams and Professional Learning Teams in every SPED school with the aim of driving curriculum transformation.  
+
Inclusive Neighbourhood Initiative - to catalyse local community to  integrate people with disabilities and also opportunities for them to participate in community life and contribute back. AWWA, SGEnable, IPS
  
−
MOE also introduced a Special Education Financial Assistance Scheme which fully waives the school fees, textbooks and uniforms, as well as waives 75% of examination fees for financially needy Singaporean students in MOE-funded SPED schools.
+
[https://accessarts.sg/access-arts-hub-membership-sign Access Arts Hub] - a consortium of individuals and organisations with a shared agenda to make arts more accessible and appealing for persons with disabilities.  
 +
==Resource Directory==
  
 +
===Key Document Sources===
  
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
+
*2018: [http://www.lienfoundation.org/sites/default/files/LF%20Early%20Intervention%20Survey%20Findings.pdf Lien Foundation Study on Early Intervention Professionals]
 +
*2017: [https://www.nvpc.org.sg/resources/report-on-issues-faced-by-people-with-disabilities-in-singapore NVPC Report on Issues Faced By People With Disabilities In Singapore]
 +
*2017: [https://www.msf.gov.sg/policies/Disabilities-and-Special-Needs/Documents/Enabling%20Masterplan%203%20(revised%2013%20Jan%202017).pdf Enabling Masterplan (2017-2021)]
 +
*2016: Lien Foundation’s Inclusive Attitudes Survey of the [http://www.lienfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Inclusive%20Attitudes%20Survey%20Press%20Release%20Final.pdf General Public] and [http://lienfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Inclusive%20Survey%20Part%202%20-%20Press%20Release%20Lien%20Fdn%20Final%5b1%5d.pdf Parents of Children with Special Needs]
 +
*2016: [http://www.dpa.org.sg/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/Incusion-in-Education2.pdf DPA’s Achieving Inclusion in Education]
 +
*2016: Singapore's [https://www.msf.gov.sg/policies/International-Conventions/Pages/UN-Convention-on-the-Rights-of-Persons-with-Disabilities-UNCRPD.aspx Initial Report to the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities]
 +
*2015: Lien Centre for Social Innovation's [https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=lien_reports People with Physical Disabilities in Singapore: Understanding Disabling Factors in Caregiving, Education, Employment and Finances]
 +
*2011: MOH's [https://www.singstat.gov.sg/-/media/files/publications/society/ssnsep11-pg12-14.pdf Caregiving in Singapore] snippet of the National Health Survey 2010
  
 +
===Voluntary or Non-Profit Organisations===
 +
<big>[<u>To insert a synopsis</u>:</big> <big>To give a sketch...How many SSAs in general that provide services across different type of disabilities; How many DPOs.]</big>
  
 +
<big>[<u>To edit</u>: Where possible, we should merely link to existing directories that have already consolidated such information, instead of list them here ourselves, unless those do not exist are are incomplete. Thus, we should try to sense-make the catalogue of information that already exists, and where it does not, then we can catalogue]</big>
  
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
+
*A good index of weblinks and resources for families with special needs kids in Singapore can be found [https://thenewageparents.com/resources-for-families-with-special-needs-kids-singapore/ here]
 +
*See MOE's [https://www.moe.gov.sg/education/special-education/how-do-i-know-if-my-child-has-special-education-needs#how-else-can-i-get-support-to-learn-about-my-child-sen list of Disability Organisations] parents can refer to.
 +
*https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_disability_organisations_in_Singapore
  
 +
'''Aphasia SG'''
 +
[[File:81040999 1498271000330848 5077484275469647872 n.jpg|thumb|Participants at a Chit Chat Cafe by Aphasia SG. Photo credit: [https://www.facebook.com/AphasiaSG/photos/a.1225102520981032/1498270996997515/?type=3&theater Aphasia SG]]]
 +
[https://www.aphasia.sg/ www.aphasia.sg]
  
 +
Organised by a team of speech and language therapists, Aphasia SG is a 100% volunteer-run non-profit organisation whose flagship programme is [https://www.aphasia.sg/programmes/chit-chat-cafe/ Chit Chat Cafe], a free monthly “pop-up café” for persons with aphasia (PWA) and their caregivers to interact and enjoy a cup of coffee together in a safe space.
  
−
----
+
Its other flagship programme is the [https://www.aphasia.sg/programmes/aphasia-sg-choir/ Aphasia SG Choir], which is conducted by music therapist volunteers and that has weekly evening rehearsals at a central location. 
−
==== Need for integration and peer acceptance at school ====
 
  
−
'''Existing Resources'''
+
'''APSN'''
  
−
ITE's Buddy’IN, a co-curricular activity which brings students of different abilities together ([http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/subsidies-raised-for-poly-ite-students-with-severe-disabilities-9233082 CNA 20 Sept 2017])
+
http://www.apsn.org.sg/
−
 
 
−
Inclusive Pre-Schools: Kindle Garden (AWWA)
 
−
 
 
−
http://www.loveourchildrennow.sg/2017/12/01/kindle-garden/
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
==== Need for smooth and achievable school to work transition ====
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
 
−
School-to-work transition programme (at 5 SPED) [MOE, MSF, SGEnable]
 
−
 
 
−
SG Enable’s Internship Programme (partnered with 30 companies and 3 local universities)
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
 
−
Implementation is a challenge.
 
−
 
 
−
Member of Parliament Ms Denise Phua: “The transition for students from school to work is not happening fast enough.”  One way to quicken this process would be to extend the SkillsFuture initiative to special education schools.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
 
−
 
 
−
Special needs education sector: “more resources should be allocated to put in place efforts like structured internship programmes that are aligned with the SkillsFuture initiative.”
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
===Employment & Financial Independence===
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
Aspire to an “Inclusive workplace”, which should include:
 
−
 
 
−
- Fair recruitment and procurement practices
 
−
 
 
−
- Policies concerning equality and human rights, working conditions, dignity at work, employee welfare are in place
 
−
 
 
−
- Reasonable accommodation made by employers: “an accommodation is defined as any change in work environment or processes to allow an employee with disability to enjoy equal employment opportunities. As such, accommodations can be broadly categorised into either job or workplace accommodation. Examples of job accommodation include job trial, part time employment, flexible working hours and telecommuting. Workplace accommodation addresses the accessibility of the compound or facility. These accommodations are relevant not only to persons with disabilities, but also to other employees as well. Amongst other benefits, reasonable accommodations can lead to employee retention.”[file:///C:/Users/User/Downloads/SG-Enable-Online-HRM-Series-Recruitment-and-Hiring.pdf  SG Enable Online HRM Series]
 
−
 
 
−
- A welcoming workplace culture: “Inclusion goes beyond merely having a mix of employees with different demographics and backgrounds in the workplace. It is about appreciating employees for the unique value they bring to the workplace, and leveraging on those differences to add value to the organisation so that both the person and the organisation can flourish.” [https://www.tafep.sg/sites/default/files/E-News%20April%202011_files/Publication%20CIW%20Start%20Up%20Kit%20(as%20of%20040712).pdf (TAFEP’s Creating an Inclusive Workplace toolkit]
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
"Inclusive workplaces are rare in Singapore, where persons with disabilities (PWDs) comprise just 0.55 per cent of the resident labour force. They are mainly employed in the hospitality, food and beverage, wholesale and retail, and administrative support sectors" ([http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/myth-of-the-disabled-worker ST 1 Oct 2017])
 
−
 
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
====Need for financial support====
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
Youth Aspiration Award from SPD [Still around?]
 
−
 
 
−
====Need to be job ready====
 
−
 
 
−
Employability = Vocational skills + soft skills
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
 
−
-Employment Support Programme Training (SPD - 146 clients. Provides training places to help increase employability of job seekers withd isabilities)
 
−
 
 
−
-Sheltered Workshops also provide vocational training
 
−
 
 
−
-Minds regularly organises internships in industries as diverse as laundromats, supermarkets, hardware shops and car wash facilities in petrol stations for its clients starting from the age of about 16.By around age 19, some PWDs can be guided towards working in sheltered workshops that cater to them, doing work such as packing, retail, baking and making crafts. Others are placed in the general labour market, where they are mentored and supported by job coaches from Minds who ensure that they are not stressed in their new environment or check that they are able to take public transport to work. ([http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/myth-of-the-disabled-worker ST 1 Oct 2017]).
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Potential Solutions'''
 
−
 
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
==== Need for diverse job offerings that accommodate the different preferences, requirements and circumstances of PWDs and the concerns of their caregivers ====
 
−
 
 
−
[should the need statement include'preference' since most people don't get the luxury of only taking jobs they like?]
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
 
−
- Employment placement services (SG Enable, SPD, Autism Resource Centre, MINDS)
 
−
 
 
−
- Open Door Job Portal by SGEnable
 
−
 
 
−
- Job club of IMH
 
−
 
 
−
- Sheltered Workshop ( SPD - 126 clients)
 
−
 
 
−
-Employment Support Programme ( Job placement and Job Support Programme, SPD - 500 clients)
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
 
−
- PWDs pigeonholed into certain job roles: hospitality, food & beverages, customer service; Mostly low-skilled jobs e.g. dish collector, cleaner, somewhat higher skilled jobs in offices are at entry level e.g. receptionist [Need Data]
 
−
 
 
−
- Companies and their HR may not be ‘diversity ready’? [Need Evidence]
 
−
 
 
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
 
−
 
 
−
- Job placement and support services can be linked to mainstream job agencies to access larger network of potential employers [Specify how?]
 
−
 
 
−
- Use quota system for hiring, but only applicable to large companies or government agencies [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/use-stick-not-just-carrot-to-spur-hiring-of-disabled (ST 6 Aug 2016)]
 
−
 
 
−
- [https://www.vayable.com/ vayable] can allow tours to be provided by people with disabilities
 
−
 
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
====Need for information on available job opportunities for persons with disabilities====
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
 
−
- Job Search: Open Door Job Portal
 
−
 
 
−
- Employment placement services (SG Enable is the focal point, but services provided by SPD, Autism Resource Centre and MINDS)
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
 
−
- Anecdotal evidence that VWOs do not share full range of job options but pre-select choices for their clients [Source?]
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
====Need for employers to understand the capabilities of PWDs and be willing to hire====
 
−
 
 
−
- As of December 2015, 4,500 employers received subsidies from the Special Employment Credit scheme for hiring 5,700 disabled workers. ARC president Denise Phua said more employers are willing to employ the disabled due to the tight labour market [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/more-firms-in-singapore-hiring-people-with-disabilities (ST 19 Apr 2016)]
 
−
 
 
−
- The Association for Persons with Special Needs (APSN) had 35 companies hiring its clients last year, up from 25 the year before.
 
−
The number of companies hiring clients of the Autism Resource Centre (ARC) grew from four in 2012, to nine last year.
 
−
Uniqlo started hiring intellectually disabled employees in 2012, and has 20 such workers in its 16 outlets here.
 
−
Starbucks hired six clients from ARC for its 100th store here, which opened at the Fullerton Waterboat House two months ago. It has committed to have ARC clients form at least 25 per cent of the staff at the store.[http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/more-firms-in-singapore-hiring-people-with-disabilities (ST 19 Apr 2016)]
 
−
 
 
−
[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235313874_Disclosing_illness_and_disability_in_the_workplace Study by Kathy Charmaz on workplace disclosures, for reference]
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
 
−
- [http://employment.sgenable.sg/news/1021/ Inclusive Business Forum] - Jointly organised by SG Enable and the Singapore Workforce Development Agency
 
−
[http://www.businesstimes.com.sg/hub/inclusive-business-forum/striving-for-a-more-inclusive-workplace (See also Business Times Article)]
 
−
 
 
−
- Enabling Employer’s Network
 
−
 
 
−
- Periodic public education campaigns such as ‘[https://www.facebook.com/sgmorethandis/ More Than Dis]’ campaign led by a trio of undergraduates from NTU.
 
−
 
 
−
- Special Employment Credit scheme: Government pays up to 16 per cent of the salary of workers with physical or intellectual disabilities, for those earning up to $4,000 a month [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/more-firms-in-singapore-hiring-people-with-disabilities (ST 19 Apr 2016)] [https://www.sec.gov.sg/Pages/More-Information-on-SEC.aspx See also]
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
 
−
- Inclusive workplaces are rare in Singapore, where persons with disabilities (PWDs) comprise just 0.55 per cent of the resident labour force. They are mainly employed in the hospitality, food and beverage, wholesale and retail, and administrative support sectors ([http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/myth-of-the-disabled-worker ST 1 Oct 2017])
 
−
 
 
−
- Employer’s misconceptions and false assumptions about the abilities of those with disabilities (only a handful of them are educated in SPED schools and do not have the necessary skills and credentials to obtain high-wage, high-skill jobs) [Need evidence]
 
−
 
 
−
- Limited effectiveness because it is hard to change employer attitude:
 
−
Mr Ong Peng Kai, 24, who has cerebral palsy, felt this sentiment first-hand when he tried to find a job last year.
 
−
"I studied maths and economics at university so I sent out about 30 resumes to banks, investment and insurance companies but none of them got back to me," said Mr Ong, who was eventually hired by NCSS as an assistant manager.
 
−
The president of the Disabled People's Association, Mr Nicholas Aw, said the campaign should target the young more.
 
−
"Such educational campaigns will help but how much they can help is a question mark. Sometimes people are aware but they are just not walking the talk," he said.  [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/people-with-disabilities-in-the-spotlight (ST 3 Jun 2016)]
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
 
−
 
 
−
- Public education campaigns highlighting the strengths and abilities of those with disabilities and more career fairs for PWDs
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
====Need for persons with disabilities to be work ready====
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
 
−
- Career coaching and guidance
 
−
SG Enable + VWO Vocational assessment (ARC, SPD, MINDS)
 
−
SG Enable’s iEnable provides emotional support and prepare clients for job interviews.
 
−
 
 
−
- SPD’s Transitional Programme for people with acquired disabilities
 
−
 
 
−
- Workfare Training Support scheme
 
−
 
 
−
- Open Door Programme (Training grants)
 
−
 
 
−
- Skillsfuture initiative
 
−
 
 
−
- SPED vocational training programmes
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
 
−
- As of August 24, 2015, SPD Transitional Programme has taken in 63 clients and matched nine to jobs [source?]
 
−
 
 
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
====Need for accessible work environment====
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
 
−
Universal Design
 
−
 
 
−
Assistive Technology Fund
 
−
 
 
−
Open Door Programme
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
 
−
Using principles of universal design, the BCA has improved accessibility of our built environment. But Richard Kuppusamy, a wheelchair user, commented that the layout in the BCA code is more conducive to assistants of persons with disabilities, rather than for more independent users who do not need help.
 
−
 
 
−
Even with the subsidies, technology aids are costly for persons with disabilities; those from low-middle income households do not qualify for a subsidy after means-testing.
 
−
 
 
−
Sometimes the subsidy is not enough to cover a person’s assistive technology needs over a lifetime.
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
 
−
 
 
−
increase the means testing of Assistive Technology Fund to cover more persons with disabilities from lower-middle income households
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
====Need for fair recruitment and procurement practices and opportunities for career progression, including employment rights====
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
 
−
- Employment Act
 
−
 
 
−
- [https://www.tafep.sg/ TAFEP] - Tripartite Alliance for Fair & Progressive Employment Practices (made up of [https://snef.org.sg/ SNEF], [https://www.ntuc.org.sg/wps/portal/up2/home NTUC], MOM) Provides Resources and Guidelines on Fair Employment Practices
 
−
 
 
−
- Signed UNCRPD
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
- Participatory research project on employment discrimination by DPA [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/study-on-bias-at-work-against-those-with-disabilities (ST 31 Oct 2016)]
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
 
−
- Employment Act - no legal recourse for offenders
 
−
 
 
−
- TAFEP Guidelines is not strictly binding; lack bite; no legal recourse;
 
−
 
 
−
- Government favours promotional and educational approach; Laws may adversely affect businesses; Government wants to avoid market rigidity. Government’s view: kindness and compassion cannot be legislated. Nor can they be enforced. It follows, then, that moral suasion, raising public awareness and promoting civic consciousness are more realistic ways to bring about change. [http://www.todayonline.com/singapore/why-spore-needs-disability-legislation?singlepage=true (TODAY 3 Dec 2013)]
 
−
 
 
−
- Legislation is the way to change mindsets and attitudes because people are apathetic [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/what-disabled-people-want-a-little-kindness (ST 16 Nov 2013)]
 
−
 
 
−
- Possible that many companies, including government agencies and statutory boards, continue to ask in their application forms if a job candidate has any physical or mental disabilities. [http://www.straitstimes.com/forum/letters-in-print/job-application-forms-beware-bias-against-people-with-disabilities (Forum ST 13 Aug 2016)]
 
−
 
 
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
 
−
 
 
−
- Anti-discrimination laws and/or [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ombudsman ombudsman] body together with public education. [Existing legislation we can study, adapt and adopt from are the Americans with Disabilities Act, the United Kingdom’s Equality Act and Australia’s Disability Discrimination Act, which are regarded as being the gold standard. (Alvan Yap)]
 
−
 
 
−
- Nicholas Aw: "Mindsets are hard to change so we need to go into the schools and start with the young because they are more open and receptive." [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/people-with-disabilities-in-the-spotlight (ST 3 Jun 2016)]
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
====Need for ongoing work support====
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
 
−
Open Door Programme (SGEnable)
 
−
 
 
−
Inclusion fundamentals workshop for employers (DPA)
 
−
 
 
−
Integrated Community Space (Enabling Village)
 
−
 
 
−
Special Employment Credit (See https://www.sec.gov.sg/Pages/More-Information-on-SEC.aspx)
 
−
 
 
−
Workfare Income Supplement
 
−
 
 
−
Transition Programme for Employment (SPD - 40 clients, stroke or spinal cord injuries to return to mainstream employment)
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
 
−
- “140 companies have applied for the fund, with an average claim of $3,000. About 650 persons with disabilities have been placed in jobs, including those supported under the initiative.” There is not a high level of awareness by employers of available schemes or they do not tap onto the schemes because they think it’s complicated and cumbersome
 
−
 
 
−
- HR is diversity ready? (e.g. HR side should have a policy to answer such queries and address any issues arising from having a staff with disability)
 
−
 
 
−
- low take-up rate? (need statistics)
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
 
−
 
 
−
Outreach programs to familiarise public with the schemes
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
===Rehabilitation and Daily Living===
 
−
 
 
−
====Need for rehabilitation and medical treatment====
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
 
−
Continuing Therapy Programme (speech and occupational therapy for under 18, SPD - 186 clients)
 
−
 
 
−
Home Therapy (unable to leave homes) (SPD - 12 clients)
 
−
 
 
−
Day Care and Maintenance Therapy (SPD - 195 clients)
 
−
 
 
−
Rehabilitation Centres (SPD - 470 clients)
 
−
 
 
−
====Need to be independent in activities of daily living (DACS?)====
 
−
 
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
===Caregiver Support===
 
−
 
 
−
====Need for caregivers respite====
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
 
−
Weekend Respite at SPD (14 pax served as of 31 Mar 2017)
 
−
 
 
−
Agency X has thie servse
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
 
−
'''Potential Solutions'''
 
−
 
 
−
====Need to provide for people with disabilities after caregivers pass on====
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
 
−
[https://www.sntc.org.sg Special Needs Trust Fund (SNTC)]
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
 
−
447 SNTC accounts currently opened, out of 117,000 estimated people who might require it ([http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/few-set-up-trust-fund-to-care-for-kin-with-disabilities ST 29 Mar 2017])
 
−
 
 
−
[“Special needs children's trust fund to get boost” ST 22 June 2011]
 
−
some parents or guardians are struggling to afford the minimum $5,000 they need to use the government-backed fund.
 
−
Special Needs Trust Company general manager Esther Tan said the company has so far reached out to about 2,000 parents and caregivers through more than 50 public events at places such as special needs schools and hospitals. But only about 350 approached the company afterwards to develop care plans. Fewer eventually start accounts. To date, only 115 accounts have been set up with the non-profit firm.
 
−
There are other ways parents can ensure their special needs children are provided for. For example, parents can start Central Provident Fund (CPF) accounts for them or nominate them as the beneficiaries of their CPF savings or insurance policies.
 
−
Parents unable to come up with $5,000 can also instruct executors of their wills to liquidate their assets after they die and start trust accounts with the Special Needs Trust Company.
 
−
Many parents have asked if they can use their CPF savings to fund the minimum sum, she added. But CPF funds can be used only for approved purposes under the CPF Act. Setting up a trust for special needs dependants is not of them.
 
−
 
 
−
'''Potential Solutions'''
 
−
 
 
−
===Social Inclusion===
 
−
 
 
−
==== Need for children with special needs to be part of community outside of school====
 
−
 
 
−
According to a Lien Foundation survey in 2016, of the 835 parents of special needs children who were surveyed, four in 10 think their children spend too little time in the community outside of school.Nearly half of those surveyed said their children do not have friends without disabilities ([http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/education/inclusive-art-sessions-draw-kids-together ST 2 Oct 2017])
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
==== Need for public to emphatically understand the circumstances PWDs face and know how to support and interact with them ====
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
 
−
Society Staples
 
−
 
 
−
A social enterprise that uses mass engagement platforms to educate public about experiences of people with disabilities; provides team building services for corporates: eg experiencing blindness, learning sign language etc.
 
−
 
 
−
https://www.societystaples.com.sg
 
−
 
 
−
Purple Parade
 
−
 
 
−
http://www.purpleparade.sg/
 
−
 
 
−
See the True Me
 
−
 
 
−
http://seethetrueme.sg/
 
−
 
 
−
Buddy'IN, a programme aimed at socially integrating graduating students from special education schools with their peers from institutes of higher learning, through semi-structured social activities and sessions.[http://www.straitstimes.com/forum/letters-in-print/collective-effort-can-help-the-disabled-lead-dignified-lives (ST 17 Jun 2016)]
 
−
 
 
−
December 3rd, 2017, the International Day of People with Disabilities
 
−
-AbleThrive is hosting meetups around the world for people with disabilities, their families and allies to come together
 
−
 
 
−
Lien Centre for Social Innovation Workshop on Inclusion - Allyship 101
 
−
 
 
−
https://lcsi.smu.edu.sg/programmes/changelab/allyship-101
 
−
 
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
 
−
For 'See the True Me' there is a question about the reach of these campaigns because many at a forum, many from disability sector have not seen or heard about it
 
−
 
 
−
Invisible disabilities (learning disorders, hearing impairment) are less obvious, and therefore the public may not understand their behaviors and support may be less forthcoming [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/living-with-disabilities-that-are-not-visible (ST 28 May 2016)]
 
−
 
 
−
Mr Andrew Soh, assistant director at Down Syndrome Association, said public attitudes are less favourable towards people with autism and intellectual impairments, compared with those with physical disabilities, because people fear what they cannot see. "People can't tell how serious their disability is and don't know what to say or how to help them," he said.[http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/people-with-disabilities-in-the-spotlight (ST 3 Jun 2016)]
 
−
 
 
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
 
−
 
 
−
 
 
−
----
 
−
 
 
−
===Need to communicate effectively with one another and others===
 
−
 
 
−
MIND’s keyword signing as total communication
 
−
 
 
−
—�-
 
−
 
 
−
====Need for mobility and access to transportation====
 
−
 
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
Transportation subsidies:
 
  
−
Taxi Subsidy Scheme
+
'''Down Syndrome Association (Singapore)'''
  
−
VWO subsidy scheme
 
−
 
−
Public Transport Concession Scheme for Persons with Disabilities
 
−
 
−
Assistive devices for drivers with disabilities [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/gadgets-for-disabled-drivers-get-green-light (ST 24 Oct 2016)]
 
−
 
−
Accessible public transportation:
 
−
 
−
UberAssist [http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/uber-rolls-out-service/2225788.html Channel News Asia report]
 
−
 
−
Wheelchair accessible taxis see [http://www.taxisingapore.com/wheelchair-transport/ taxisingapore.com] and [https://www.lta.gov.sg/content/ltaweb/en/public-transport/system-design/enhancing-physical-accessibility-for-all.htm LTA accessibility push]
 
−
 
−
Wheelchair Accessible Buses (About 80% of buses are wheelchair accessible, and LTA aims for 100% coverage by 2020).
 
−
 
−
Disabled facilities at MRT stations and in trains (More than 80% of MRT stations have at least two barrier free access routes).
 
−
 
−
 
−
Accommodation for drivers with disabilities:
 
−
 
−
Car Park Label Scheme for Persons with Physical Disabilities
 
−
 
−
SPD provides training for Tower Transit bus drivers how to help commuters with disabilities [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/transport/bus-drivers-get-tips-on-helping-disabled-commuters (ST 28 Apr 2016)]
 
−
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
−
Transportation costs, while subsidised, are still high for lower income PWDs
 
−
 
−
Cheaper transport options such as buses and trains are either too crowded for wheelchair users or other persons with disabilities OR there are service issues, such as some unprofessional or even discriminatory drivers or passengers.
 
−
 
−
Open prams used by caregivers now allowed on public buses, but not all bus drivers realise this yet [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/open-prams-on-buses (ST 2 Oct 2016)]
 
−
 
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
 
−
 
−
 
−
----
 
−
====Need for access to digital media====
 
−
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
−
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
−
 
−
'''Potential Solutions'''
 
−
 
−
-Web Accessibility Guidelines
 
−
https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG20/
 
−
 
−
-Accessibility reviews of the web
 
−
https://www.abilitynet.org.uk/
 
−
 
−
---
 
−
 
−
====Need for access to leisure and recreational activities====
 
−
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
 
−
ActiveSG is promoting disability sports. Various sports have been adapted for them. In Singapore, the range of sports for people with disabilities includes handcyling, swimming, table tennis and boccia, a ball game that can be played by wheelchair-users with motor-skill impairment [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/sports-for-those-with-disabilities (ST 27 Sep 2016)]
 
−
 
−
The inclusive playgrounds in Bishan-Ang Mo Kio Park and Ghim Moh and the complementary Children in Action programme [http://www.straitstimes.com/forum/letters-in-print/collective-effort-can-help-the-disabled-lead-dignified-lives (ST 17 Jun 2016)]
 
−
 
−
[http://www.runninghour.com/about#partner Running Hour]
 
−
A sports co-operative that promotes integration of persons with special needs through running. We have members who are mildly intellectually challenged, physically challenged and visually challenged joining us to keep fit. We welcome anyone passionate about running to join us as running guides.
 
−
 
−
"Inclusive" art workshop to encourage interaction between children with and without special needs. Run by Superhero Me, a non-governmental organisation that runs art programmes for children ([http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/education/inclusive-art-sessions-draw-kids-together ST 2 Oct 2017]).
 
−
 
−
Free entry for people with disabilities and caregivers to (special exhibitions of) NHB museums (ST 15 April 2018 “Free entry for people with disabilities”)
 
−
 
−
 
−
'''Gaps and Their Causes'''
 
−
 
−
Sports take-up rate among people with disabilities remains low, though they stand to benefit more than able-bodied people by being active[http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/sports-for-those-with-disabilities (ST 27 Sep 2016)]
 
−
 
−
Reasons why people with disabilities may shun sports:[http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/sports-for-those-with-disabilities (ST 27 Sep 2016)]
 
−
•Difficulty in getting transport to the sports facilities.
 
−
•Cost of specialised equipment and transporting them.
 
−
•Struggles with the basics of daily life that push the thought of exercise into the background.
 
−
•Depending on volunteers to help out, such as transferring the person with disability from a normal wheelchair to a racing wheelchair.
 
−
•A tendency to withdraw from society and an unwillingness to leave the house for various reasons.
 
−
•Logistics. For instance, when a wheelchair racer travels overseas for races, he has to take along a special racing wheelchair, a regular wheelchair for moving around and a commode chair.
 
−
•There may also be psychological factors such as confidence, self image issues and a self-perceived inability to do sports.
 
−
 
−
Lack of opportunities to prove themselves ;being overprotective could limit their exposure, hindering their ability to lead a fulfilling and independent life ([http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/commentary-when-does-a-person-with-a-disability-get-a-chance-to-9226832 CNA 21 Sep 2017])
 
−
 
−
'''Possible Solutions'''
 
−
 
−
There should be regular disability sports sessions in all special education schools and organisations for the disabled [http://www.straitstimes.com/singapore/health/sports-for-those-with-disabilities (ST 27 Sep 2016)]
 
−
 
−
Collectively refrain from assuming what PWDs can or cannot do, never mind their condition.
 
−
([http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/commentary-when-does-a-person-with-a-disability-get-a-chance-to-9226832 CNA 21 Sep 2017])
 
−
----
 
−
 
−
====Need opportunities to give back to society====
 
−
 
−
'''Existing Resources'''
 
−
SPD Youth Development Programme - Trained and mentored youths with disabilities to enable them to champion social causes and give back to the society.
 
−
 
−
==Resource Directory==
 
−
===Voluntary Welfare Organisations===
 
−
 
−
====APSN====
 
−
http://www.apsn.org.sg/
 
−
 
−
====Down Syndrome Association (Singapore)====
 
 
http://www.downsyndrome-singapore.org/
 
http://www.downsyndrome-singapore.org/
  
Line 745: Line 343:
 
Operates a DSA Thriftshop at Telok Blangah Crescent
 
Operates a DSA Thriftshop at Telok Blangah Crescent
  
−
====MINDS====
+
'''MINDS'''
 +
 
 
http://www.minds.org.sg/
 
http://www.minds.org.sg/
  
−
====Muscular Dystrophy Association of Singapore (MDAS)====
+
'''Muscular Dystrophy Association of Singapore (MDAS)'''
 +
 
 
http://www.mdas.org.sg/
 
http://www.mdas.org.sg/
  
−
====SPD====
+
'''SPD'''
 +
 
 
http://www.spd.org.sg/
 
http://www.spd.org.sg/
  
−
===Bizlink===
+
'''Bizlink'''
 +
 
 
http://www.bizlink.org.sg/
 
http://www.bizlink.org.sg/
 
training and employment for people with disabilities
 
training and employment for people with disabilities
 
One of Bizlink's biggest businesses is providing cleaning teams to other companies. These teams are made up of able-bodied workers and those with disabilities ([http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/myth-of-the-disabled-worker ST 1 Oct 2017]).
 
One of Bizlink's biggest businesses is providing cleaning teams to other companies. These teams are made up of able-bodied workers and those with disabilities ([http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/myth-of-the-disabled-worker ST 1 Oct 2017]).
  
−
===Special education schools SPED===
+
===Special Education (SPED) Schools===
−
 
+
19 SPED schools as of January 2018: https://www.moe.gov.sg/education/special-education/special-education-schools/list-of-sped-schools
−
====Rainbow Centre====
 
  
 
===Social Enterprises that provide services for people with disabilities===
 
===Social Enterprises that provide services for people with disabilities===
 +
'''Olive Tree Development Centre'''
  
−
====Olive Tree Development Centre====
 
 
http://olive-tree.sg/
 
http://olive-tree.sg/
 +
 +
====='''Telelay'''=====
 +
https://www.facebook.com/telelayservice/
 +
 +
Telelay is an app that enables the Deaf, Hard of Hearing and Hearing communities to connect and communicate anytime, anywhere. (to be launched soom)
 +
 +
====='''Digital Dream'''=====
 +
http://digitaldream.com.sg/
 +
 +
Social enterprise that provides digital solutions for non-profits (e.g. simulated environments, augmented reality); allows user created content. In several SPED schools (Chao Yang APSN, AWWA School at Napiri, MINDS Towner Gardens). Mixed Reality Room to help students learn what to wear or prepare if they go swimming etc. AVA Room at MINDS to help them prepare for work. Installation at Enabling Village's Cargeiver's Pod for skills training and experiences. Also collaborating with VSA on art exhibition (with Dawn-Joy Leong).
  
 
===Social Enterprises or Businesses that hire people with disability===
 
===Social Enterprises or Businesses that hire people with disability===
 +
'''Crunchy Teeth'''
 +
 +
http://crunchyteeth.com.sg/
 +
 +
Started by parents of children with special needs - aims to provide baking skills to special needs children and youth, and retails baking goods
 +
 +
'''Dignity Kitchen'''
  
−
====Dignity Kitchen====
 
 
http://dignitykitchen.sg/
 
http://dignitykitchen.sg/
  
−
====Personalised Love====
+
'''Personalised Love'''
 +
 
 
https://www.personalisedlove.com/
 
https://www.personalisedlove.com/
  
−
====SEOciety====
+
'''SEOciety'''
 +
 
 
http://www.ourseociety.com/
 
http://www.ourseociety.com/
  
−
====Social Food Inc====
+
'''Social Food Inc'''
 +
 
 
https://www.facebook.com/pg/socialfoodinc/about/
 
https://www.facebook.com/pg/socialfoodinc/about/
  
Line 786: Line 406:
 
Started by Sim Sin Sin. See [http://www.toteboard.gov.sg/docs/default-source/module/case-studies/social-food-inc-creating-an-effective-social-enterprise-through-vertical-integration.pdf Case Study of Social Food Inc]
 
Started by Sim Sin Sin. See [http://www.toteboard.gov.sg/docs/default-source/module/case-studies/social-food-inc-creating-an-effective-social-enterprise-through-vertical-integration.pdf Case Study of Social Food Inc]
  
−
====WISE Enterprise====
+
'''WISE Enterprise'''
 +
 
 
https://www.wise-enterprise.sg/
 
https://www.wise-enterprise.sg/
  
−
====Adrenalin====
+
'''Adrenalin'''
 +
 
 
http://adrenalin.com.sg/
 
http://adrenalin.com.sg/
  
 
Six of the 25 workers at Adrenalin have disabilities and other special needs. Staff members include two deaf persons, an employee who uses a wheelchair and people recovering from mental illness ([http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/myth-of-the-disabled-worker ST 1 Oct 2017]).
 
Six of the 25 workers at Adrenalin have disabilities and other special needs. Staff members include two deaf persons, an employee who uses a wheelchair and people recovering from mental illness ([http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/myth-of-the-disabled-worker ST 1 Oct 2017]).
  
−
===Holiday Inn Singapore===
+
'''Holiday Inn Singapore'''
 +
 
 
Holiday Inn Singapore Orchard City Centre hotel in Cavenagh Road - 12 per cent of the more than 200 staff are PWDs, staff adjust to the different ways of communication of some PWD employees, some of whom have intellectual disabilities or autism ([http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/myth-of-the-disabled-worker ST 1 Oct 2017]). .
 
Holiday Inn Singapore Orchard City Centre hotel in Cavenagh Road - 12 per cent of the more than 200 staff are PWDs, staff adjust to the different ways of communication of some PWD employees, some of whom have intellectual disabilities or autism ([http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/myth-of-the-disabled-worker ST 1 Oct 2017]). .
  
−
===Han's Group===
+
'''Han's Group'''
 +
 
 
Han's Group, about 50 employees, or 10 per cent of its workforce, are persons with disabilities ([http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/myth-of-the-disabled-worker ST 1 Oct 2017]).
 
Han's Group, about 50 employees, or 10 per cent of its workforce, are persons with disabilities ([http://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/myth-of-the-disabled-worker ST 1 Oct 2017]).
 +
 +
'''Foreword Coffee'''
 +
 +
https://www.forewordcoffee.com/
 +
 +
Trains individuals with special needs to be baristas and frontline service staff at its [https://www.forewordcoffee.com/locations coffee outlets]
  
 
===Disabled People's Organisations===
 
===Disabled People's Organisations===
 +
'''Disabled People's Association'''
  
−
====Disabled People's Association====
 
 
http://www.dpa.org.sg/
 
http://www.dpa.org.sg/
  
−
===Friends of the Disabled Society===
+
'''Friends of the Disabled Society'''
 +
 
 
https://www.fds.org.sg/
 
https://www.fds.org.sg/
 +
 +
===Initiatives===
 +
NUS [http://news.nus.edu.sg/highlights/giving-children-superpowers?utm_source=newsmailer&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=Giving+children+superpowers Makerthon] organised by Computing, Engineering, Design & Environment.
 +
 +
[https://tomglobal.org/ Tikkun Olam Makers] - Israel based maker movement that has done makerthons for disability sector in Singapore.
 +
 +
[https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/goh-chok-tong-enable-awards-launched-mediacorp-enable-fund-11125472 Goh Chok Tong Enable Awards]
  
 
===Government Agencies===
 
===Government Agencies===
 +
'''MSF Disability Division'''
  
−
==== MSF Disability Division====
 
 
https://app.msf.gov.sg/About-MSF/Our-People/Divisions-at-MSF/Social-Development-and-Support/Disability-Division
 
https://app.msf.gov.sg/About-MSF/Our-People/Divisions-at-MSF/Social-Development-and-Support/Disability-Division
  
−
====NCSS Disability Services====
+
'''NCSS Disability Services'''
 +
 
 +
'''SGEnable'''
  
−
====SGEnable====
 
 
https://www.sgenable.sg
 
https://www.sgenable.sg
 +
 +
Owns the i'mable collective, which aims to showcase and market the creative works of persons with disabilities, giving them even more opportunities to hone their skills and sell their craft.
 +
 +
i'mable Collective aims to be the preferred first stop for organisations keen to support the purchase of high quality gifts with a social cause.
  
 
===Scholarships and Bursaries===
 
===Scholarships and Bursaries===
 +
'''Dare to Dream'''
  
−
====Dare to Dream====
 
 
The scholarship provides special needs persons, who are successful in gaining entry into a diploma programme at the LaSalle College of the Arts, with funding of fees for the full duration of the diploma programme at the College.
 
The scholarship provides special needs persons, who are successful in gaining entry into a diploma programme at the LaSalle College of the Arts, with funding of fees for the full duration of the diploma programme at the College.
 
[http://www.daretodream.sg Dare To Dream]
 
[http://www.daretodream.sg Dare To Dream]
Line 828: Line 471:
 
https://wid.org/
 
https://wid.org/
  
−
==Needs and Gaps Reports==
+
===Disability Conferences===
−
 
+
{| class="wikitable"
−
 
+
| style="width: 15%;" |'''CONFERENCE'''
−
[https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Req768jzA0wrZD6weOiCgS2lf_TPEMxhhXol3XPvmrw/edit?usp=sharing Disability Landscape in Singapore: Needs and Gaps Report 2018]
+
| style="width: 15%;" |'''LOCATION'''
−
 
+
| style="width: 70%;" |'''REMARKS'''
−
Disability Landscape in Singapore: Needs and Gaps Report 2019
+
|-
−
 
+
|[https://www.valid.org.au/having-say Having a Say Conference]
−
Disability Landscape in Singapore: Needs and Gaps Report 2020
+
|Geelong, Australia
−
 
+
|Organised by and for people with intellectual disabilities. While the programme isn’t jam packed with information, it’s definitely interesting to learn more about how people with ID raise issues of concerns, and really take part in setting the agenda. Seems fairly prominent within Australia, but not much international reach. Down Syndrome Association brought some of its advocates there last year to share their advocacy programme
−
==Members==
+
|-
−
There are currently 9 team members in the Disability Policy Network
+
|[https://conference.zeroproject.org/ Zero Project]
−
 
+
|Vienna, Austria
−
They come from organisations such as DPA, NVPC, NYC, IHPC (A*Star) and IPS.  
+
|Packed chock-a-block with presentations, sharings, and booths. The theme changes year to year. 2018 was on Accessibility and saw representatives from a whole host of countries sharing more about accessibility (challenges of accessibility). Most interesting were the South American presentations that pretty much shared about how people took issues into their own hands and made spaces in their cities more accessible. The conference is accompanied by innovation booths that feature innovations from all over the world (e.g., a group of people in India who set up a form of landline service for people with disabilities to post and apply for jobs). Really cool stuff. 2019’s theme is on Political Participation.
−
 
+
|-
−
You don't need to join the team to contribute, but if you would like to do more, please contact: Sumita Kunashakaran  at '''advocacy@dpa.org.sg''' or Justin Lee at '''justin.lee@nus.edu.sg'''
+
|[http://www.internationaldisabilityalliance.org/summit Global Disability Summit]
−
 
+
|London, UK (2018)
−
The objectives of the Disability Policy Network are:
+
|Organised by International Disability Alliance. Seems to be the place to meet the who's who in the disability sector globally.
−
 
+
|-
−
1. To establish a network of organisations and individuals with an interest in Disability issues. The network will convene every quarterly.
+
|[http://inclusion-international.org/worldcongress2018/ Inclusion International World Congress]
−
 
+
|Birmingham, UK (2018)
−
2. Select and study issues prioritised by its members. Issue briefs will be disseminated to members and Policy briefs will be written collectively after dialogue.
+
|
−
 
+
|-
−
3. An Annual Needs & Gaps Report will be produced and submitted to relevant government agencies as a representation of the views of the sector.
+
|[https://www.harkinsummit.org/ Harkin Summit]
 +
|Washington DC, USA (2018)
 +
|2018 - Rather US-centric. But great information on employment and employability practices by large organisations.
 +
|-
 +
|[http://aseandisabilityforum.org/digaleri/ ASEAN Disability Forums]
 +
|Thailand (2019)
 +
|Moves around the ASEAN region depending on who the Chairman is.
 +
|}
  
−
=== References ===
+
==References==
 
<references />
 
<references />

Latest revision as of 09:22, 1 November 2022


Overview

The information found in these pages is populated by participants of the Disability Community Network and many other individuals who have an interest in Disability issues. Feel free to join the Network's Google Group / Forum if you are keen to touch base and contribute.

This overview provides a synopsis of the current knowledge base. Having considered all the information in the disability pages:

1) What are the priority issues that deserve attention

2) What are opportunity areas that community or voluntary organizations can already take action on

3) What knowledge gaps deserve further investigation?

An audio description device used on the set of Not In My Lifetime? which allow blind or vision-impaired audience members to fully enjoy the experience of a live theatre performance.

Priority Issues

[These are candidate (not finalized) issues to be discussed and prioritized with participants of the DCN, after we share back the whole set of information.]

  • Getting a better understanding of disability and the issues facing the differently-abled
  • Employment rates for PWDs are low, and there are little protections against discrimination.
    • As of a 2019 Ministry of Manpower (MoM) survey, 28.6% or nearly 3 in 10 people with disabilities (PwDs) of working age (between 15 to 64) are employed.[1]
    • Many young adults with special needs of disability suddenly left with substantially less government aid or help when they leave special education route in school. Higher functioning individuals may find gainful employment in social enterprises but many are not able to cope when placed in the competitive workplace of most private sector jobs.
    • Pay ceiling for PwDs who cannot physically be present for the full office hour duration
  • Social discrimination/ exclusion that still exists despite about a third of Singaporeans thinking otherwise[2]
    • 64% of people in Singapore were willing to share public spaces with PwDs but not willing to interact with them. More than a third of Singaporeans have no special needs children in their social circles. And 23% of the remaining two thirds only meet more than once a year. [3]
    • Public buses were only made fully accessible in 2008 and they have largely been an unseen community to the majority of the public, with lack of personal interactions and friendships fueling misconceptions about the PwD community.
    • Exclusion and discrimination from them having relationships, married life and parenthood for many PwDs for a variety of societal misconceptions.[4]
  • While the disability sector has benefited from continuum planning across the life course through the Enabling Masterplans (Early intervention, education, employment, caregiver support etc), new frontiers to go into are community participation (participation of PWDs in the community) and social inclusion.

Actionable Opportunity Areas

[These are a list of ideas and actionable concepts that service providers, community partners and social innovators, can already take on and implement. For ideas that have not yet been fully articulated, see specific segments in each area of need]

See Disability Ideas Bank for a compilation of other ideas.

  • Inclusive Neighbourhoods (A community inclusion initiative for people with disabilities and their caregivers.The objective is to help community members, partners and local institutions integrate PWDs and their caregivers into the communal life of the residential neighbourhood, where PWDs are supported by the whole community but can also contribute back to it. This will be achieved through an strengths-based community development approach that maps and mobilises the assets of the community. Early stages of being conceptualised. Interested to partner or support? Contact justin.lee@nus.edu.sg)
  • Accessibility Audit Staycations. We get hotels to provide free staycations to caregivers and PWDs, and in exchange they will systematically use and experience all the amenities, make sure they can get around, use the gym, pool, restaurants, and provide an accessibility report (as well as ideas on how to improve). This will help hotels improve their infrastructure and social accommodations to different customers with disabilities, improving their marketability and attractiveness to a niche market that can be quite large and profitable. Eg have ‘quiet buffets’ once a month for autistic diners. Possibly staycation cum bootcamp where PWDs do accessibility audit followed by facilitated session design thinkers/consultants - ideation and design thinking bootcamp over the weekend to come up with ideas to improve accessibility. This idea can be expanded slowly to neighbouring amenities and localities so that over time, each locality has an accessibility rating, so the local trade associations can do something collectively if they want. Eg Orchard Road / Sentosa, Little India etc might pay PWDs to come do accessibility audit and make recommendations. Retailers can also invite. National positioning angle --- Singapore is inclusive destination. There core concept itself requires little to no programme cost, just some coordination. Hotels can do it as part of their CSR. To get this going, need to get a sense of how accessibility audits are done, eg in the UK where they are required by law.

Knowledge Gaps

  • [to insert key knowledge gaps]
  • [to insert key knowledge gaps]

Definition of Disability

How Disability is defined in Singapore

Persons with disabilities refer to “those whose prospects of securing, retaining places and advancing in education and training institutions, employment and recreation as equal members of the community are substantially reduced as a result of physical, sensory, intellectual and developmental impairments.” Enabling Masterplan, MSF [Clarification: Will it be useful to specify what these mean by grouping different disabilities into these broader categories, eg physical (wheelchair users?) sensory (VI, HI), intellectual and developmental impairments (ASD, Dyslexia?)]

[Point to note: Lien Centre for Social Innovation adopts this definition in their recent publication titled People with Physical Disabilities in Singapore: Understanding Disabling Factors in Caregiving, Education, Employment and Finances.] [Clarification: May not need to include this point as Lien is likely taking reference from MSF and NCSS, so we only need to take into account those sources unless there are other good reasons to?]

There is no standard definition of disability which is accepted by all stakeholders. For example, NCSS/SSI lists a SSI course on mental illness under disability category, but in practice persons with chronic mental illness are not eligible for disability policies and programmes. This group is also not covered by Public Transport Concession Scheme for Persons with Disabilities, for which only those with "Physical Disability, Visual Impairment, Hearing Impairment, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability" qualify.

MOE's list of SEN:

How Disability is defined elsewhere

"But this differs from that of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, because those with mental health impairments - such as depression, schizophrenia and bipolar disorders - are left out. When asked about this, the MSF says not all mental illnesses result in disabilities, and with medication and treatment, patients are able to function well on their own." (ST 8 May 2016)

[Clarification: The main or only difference between SIngapore's official definition of disability and elsewhere is the inclusion of mental health conditions? ]

[Suggestion: Given that there may be disputes to what a useful definition is, possibly insert a link to a Discussion page on the implications of defining Disability differently. DPA has written about this somewhere previously?]

What are the different types of disabilities?[5]

Physical disabilities refers to either a total or partial loss of bodily functions such as the ability to walk, or a total or partial loss of a part of the body. It can result from congenital causes, or acquired from serious illnesses or injury.

The two main types of sensory disability are visual impairment and deafness/hard of hearing. There are varying degrees of visual impairment: some people have low vision, others have tunnel vision in which their peripheral vision is affected, while others experience complete blindness. People could also have partial or complete hearing loss.

Intellectual disability is mainly established by a person’s intelligence quotient (IQ of 70 or below). It is also a feature of medical conditions such as Down Syndrome, Prader-Willi Syndrome and Williams Syndrome.

Autism is a developmental disability currently with no known causes or cures. Persons with autism typically have problems with social communication and interaction across contexts, and present very rigid and repetitive patterns of behaviour, interests or activities.

Key Statistics & Figures

These are key figures that are relevant for the disability sector at large; for specific stats such as employment rates, please see the respective pages. [Alternatively, we could also do this: cross-link to those statistics in the other pages; see example below]

Prevalence rate

Synopsis: Various sources put the prevalence rate at about 3% of the population, which means about 100,000 in total, out of which about 10,000 are students.

  • SG Enable: No definitive data of the total number of people with disability exists, because no official central registry or comprehensive disability study has been done. According to 2013 data from SG Enable, Singapore has about 100,000 people with disabilities. In view of Singapore’s ageing population, this number will increase by 2030 as more people acquire a disability through the ageing process. [Citation for this?] According to Singapore’s population index, “the number of elderly citizens will triple to 900,000 by 2030.” Population.sg
Population group Approximate prevalence rate
Student population 2.1% of student population[6]
18-49 years 3.4% of resident population[7]
50 years and above 13.3% of resident population[8]
    • This table provides some estimates on the Prevalence rate of disability in Singapore (SG Enable):
  • Straits Times: In Singapore, those with disabilities are estimated to make up 3 per cent of the population or well over 100,000 people.(ST 27 Sep 2016) [Clarification: Check what official source they are using for these figures, and if it is MSF or NCSS, can delete this]
  • MSF - Enabling Masterplan: Some disability prevalence rates of Singapore citizens with disabilities are available from the Enabling Masterplan 2017-2021. According to the foreword of the Enabling Masterplan 2017-2021 , 2.1% of the student population have disabilities. (Source: Ministry of Education. This is based on the number of reported cases of students with sensory impairment, physical impairment, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. The total student population is put at approximately 460,000). [This means about 9,660 students have special needs?]
  • NCSS: Of the resident population aged 18 – 49 years, 3.4% have disabilities (Source: National Council of Social Service. Based on a random sampling of 2,000 Singapore residents and permanent residents aged 18 and above done by NCSS in 2015, the self-reported disability prevalence rate was 3.4% for those aged 18 – 49 years old. This includes those who acquired disabilities due to accidents and illness.) Of the resident population aged 50 years and above, 13.3% have disabilities (Source: National Council of Social Service. Based on a random sampling of 2,000 Singapore residents and permanent residents aged 18 and above done by NCSS in 2015, the self-reported disability prevalence rate was 13.3% for those aged 50 years and above. This includes those who acquired disabilities due to accidents, illness and older age).

Other relevant stats

  • See employment rates of PWDs: 5 in 100 employed.
  • [Insert link to other key stats fro other pages; e.g. participation rates in arts,sports etc headline figure here]
  • [Insert link to other key stats; headline figure here]

Map of Areas of Need & Key Issues

Click the links below to go directly to specific areas of interest:

Detection & Early Intervention ↘
Education

- Ministry of Education Special Educational Needs

↘
Employment ↘ Social Inclusion

-Arts

-Sports

-Sexuality

-Public Acceptance

Community Participation →
Mobility & Access

-Transportation

-Access to Buildings

-Information Access

↗
Family & Caregivers ↗

The following is also listed below in alphabetical order:

[Note to contributors: The headings here look a little unnecessary here, but it is so that these issues come out in the content page above; to help navigability. We may also add in synopses of each of these issues here, so that readers get a headline view without having to navigate to those pages]

Community Participation

Yomex-owo-634531-unsplash.jpg

Detection & Early Intervention

Education

Employment

Family & Caregivers

General/ Statistics of PwDs in Singapore

Mobility & Access

Social Inclusion

Specific Sub-Pages

[To Update: Possibly, these specific disability types can be group according to the broader categories in the definition used by MSF: Physical, Sensory, Intellectual etc]

Physical Disability

Sensory Disability

Visual Impairment

Hearing Impairment

Intellectual Disability

Developmental Disability

Adults with Autism

[To Update: There should be a page on Autism in general instead of Adults with Autism]

Aphasia

Niche issues

Arts and Disability

Community Groups

Disability Community Network - currently facilitated by Justin Lee (IPS), but looking towards community to take over.

Disability Research Coalition - facilitated by Lohsnah (NUS) and Vim (MINDS) to faciluitate collaboration amongst researchers interested in disability sector.

Quota Hiring Interest Group - group interested to study the feasibility of quota hiring in Singapore, by comparing quota systems in different countries. See this comparison chart.

Inclusive Neighbourhood Initiative - to catalyse local community to integrate people with disabilities and also opportunities for them to participate in community life and contribute back. AWWA, SGEnable, IPS

Access Arts Hub - a consortium of individuals and organisations with a shared agenda to make arts more accessible and appealing for persons with disabilities.

Resource Directory

Key Document Sources

Voluntary or Non-Profit Organisations

[To insert a synopsis: To give a sketch...How many SSAs in general that provide services across different type of disabilities; How many DPOs.]

[To edit: Where possible, we should merely link to existing directories that have already consolidated such information, instead of list them here ourselves, unless those do not exist are are incomplete. Thus, we should try to sense-make the catalogue of information that already exists, and where it does not, then we can catalogue]

Aphasia SG

Participants at a Chit Chat Cafe by Aphasia SG. Photo credit: Aphasia SG

www.aphasia.sg

Organised by a team of speech and language therapists, Aphasia SG is a 100% volunteer-run non-profit organisation whose flagship programme is Chit Chat Cafe, a free monthly “pop-up café” for persons with aphasia (PWA) and their caregivers to interact and enjoy a cup of coffee together in a safe space.

Its other flagship programme is the Aphasia SG Choir, which is conducted by music therapist volunteers and that has weekly evening rehearsals at a central location. 

APSN

http://www.apsn.org.sg/

Down Syndrome Association (Singapore)

http://www.downsyndrome-singapore.org/

founded in 1995 by parents, has close to 1000 members, of which over 300 are persons with Down syndrome Operates a DSA Thriftshop at Telok Blangah Crescent

MINDS

http://www.minds.org.sg/

Muscular Dystrophy Association of Singapore (MDAS)

http://www.mdas.org.sg/

SPD

http://www.spd.org.sg/

Bizlink

http://www.bizlink.org.sg/ training and employment for people with disabilities One of Bizlink's biggest businesses is providing cleaning teams to other companies. These teams are made up of able-bodied workers and those with disabilities (ST 1 Oct 2017).

Special Education (SPED) Schools

19 SPED schools as of January 2018: https://www.moe.gov.sg/education/special-education/special-education-schools/list-of-sped-schools

Social Enterprises that provide services for people with disabilities

Olive Tree Development Centre

http://olive-tree.sg/

Telelay

https://www.facebook.com/telelayservice/

Telelay is an app that enables the Deaf, Hard of Hearing and Hearing communities to connect and communicate anytime, anywhere. (to be launched soom)

Digital Dream

http://digitaldream.com.sg/

Social enterprise that provides digital solutions for non-profits (e.g. simulated environments, augmented reality); allows user created content. In several SPED schools (Chao Yang APSN, AWWA School at Napiri, MINDS Towner Gardens). Mixed Reality Room to help students learn what to wear or prepare if they go swimming etc. AVA Room at MINDS to help them prepare for work. Installation at Enabling Village's Cargeiver's Pod for skills training and experiences. Also collaborating with VSA on art exhibition (with Dawn-Joy Leong).

Social Enterprises or Businesses that hire people with disability

Crunchy Teeth

http://crunchyteeth.com.sg/

Started by parents of children with special needs - aims to provide baking skills to special needs children and youth, and retails baking goods

Dignity Kitchen

http://dignitykitchen.sg/

Personalised Love

https://www.personalisedlove.com/

SEOciety

http://www.ourseociety.com/

Social Food Inc

https://www.facebook.com/pg/socialfoodinc/about/

Incorporated in 2013, Social Food Inc. Pte Ltd is an established Halal-certified food caterer that provide people with disabilities with employment training

Started by Sim Sin Sin. See Case Study of Social Food Inc

WISE Enterprise

https://www.wise-enterprise.sg/

Adrenalin

http://adrenalin.com.sg/

Six of the 25 workers at Adrenalin have disabilities and other special needs. Staff members include two deaf persons, an employee who uses a wheelchair and people recovering from mental illness (ST 1 Oct 2017).

Holiday Inn Singapore

Holiday Inn Singapore Orchard City Centre hotel in Cavenagh Road - 12 per cent of the more than 200 staff are PWDs, staff adjust to the different ways of communication of some PWD employees, some of whom have intellectual disabilities or autism (ST 1 Oct 2017). .

Han's Group

Han's Group, about 50 employees, or 10 per cent of its workforce, are persons with disabilities (ST 1 Oct 2017).

Foreword Coffee

https://www.forewordcoffee.com/

Trains individuals with special needs to be baristas and frontline service staff at its coffee outlets

Disabled People's Organisations

Disabled People's Association

http://www.dpa.org.sg/

Friends of the Disabled Society

https://www.fds.org.sg/

Initiatives

NUS Makerthon organised by Computing, Engineering, Design & Environment.

Tikkun Olam Makers - Israel based maker movement that has done makerthons for disability sector in Singapore.

Goh Chok Tong Enable Awards

Government Agencies

MSF Disability Division

https://app.msf.gov.sg/About-MSF/Our-People/Divisions-at-MSF/Social-Development-and-Support/Disability-Division

NCSS Disability Services

SGEnable

https://www.sgenable.sg

Owns the i'mable collective, which aims to showcase and market the creative works of persons with disabilities, giving them even more opportunities to hone their skills and sell their craft.

i'mable Collective aims to be the preferred first stop for organisations keen to support the purchase of high quality gifts with a social cause.

Scholarships and Bursaries

Dare to Dream

The scholarship provides special needs persons, who are successful in gaining entry into a diploma programme at the LaSalle College of the Arts, with funding of fees for the full duration of the diploma programme at the College. Dare To Dream

International

World institute on Disability https://wid.org/

Disability Conferences

CONFERENCE LOCATION REMARKS
Having a Say Conference Geelong, Australia Organised by and for people with intellectual disabilities. While the programme isn’t jam packed with information, it’s definitely interesting to learn more about how people with ID raise issues of concerns, and really take part in setting the agenda. Seems fairly prominent within Australia, but not much international reach. Down Syndrome Association brought some of its advocates there last year to share their advocacy programme
Zero Project Vienna, Austria Packed chock-a-block with presentations, sharings, and booths. The theme changes year to year. 2018 was on Accessibility and saw representatives from a whole host of countries sharing more about accessibility (challenges of accessibility). Most interesting were the South American presentations that pretty much shared about how people took issues into their own hands and made spaces in their cities more accessible. The conference is accompanied by innovation booths that feature innovations from all over the world (e.g., a group of people in India who set up a form of landline service for people with disabilities to post and apply for jobs). Really cool stuff. 2019’s theme is on Political Participation.
Global Disability Summit London, UK (2018) Organised by International Disability Alliance. Seems to be the place to meet the who's who in the disability sector globally.
Inclusion International World Congress Birmingham, UK (2018)
Harkin Summit Washington DC, USA (2018) 2018 - Rather US-centric. But great information on employment and employability practices by large organisations.
ASEAN Disability Forums Thailand (2019) Moves around the ASEAN region depending on who the Chairman is.

References

  1. ↑ https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/disability-pwds-in-employment-mom-survey-parliament-zaqy-11863568
  2. ↑ http://www.lienfoundation.org/sites/default/files/Inclusive%20Attitudes%20Survey%20Press%20Release%20Final.pdf
  3. ↑ http://www.lienfoundation.org/sites/default/files/FINAL%20-%20Inclusive%20Attitudes%20Survey%20Part%201_30May16.pdf
  4. ↑ https://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/singapore/parents-with-disabilities-tackle-misconceptions-raising-families-11729976?cid=h3_referral_inarticlelinks_24082018_cna
  5. ↑ https://www.sgenable.sg/about-us/our-impact/disability-in-singapore#source-link-2
  6. ↑ Source: Ministry of Education. This is based on the number of reported cases of students with sensory impairment, physical impairment, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. The total student population is put at approximately 460,000
  7. ↑ Source: National Council of Social Service. Based on a random sampling of 2,000 Singapore citizens and permanent residents aged 18 and above done by NCSS in 2015, the self-reported disability prevalence rate was 3.4% for those aged 18–49 years old. This includes those who acquired disabilities due to accidents and illness
  8. ↑ Source: National Council of Social Service. Based on a random sampling of 2,000 Singapore citizens and permanent residents aged 18 and above done by NCSS in 2015, the self-reported disability prevalence rate was 13.3% for those aged 50 years and above. This includes those who acquired disabilities due to accidents, illness and old age
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